6.3 modulation of movement BASAL GANGLIA WHAT

Question 1

this thnig allows selection of complex patterns of voluntary movements

Answer 1

basal ganglia

Question 2

this allows complex movement patterns to be learned and recalled

Answer 2

basal ganglia

Question 3

components of the basal ganglia in the forebrain

Answer 3

caudate, putamen, globus pallidus

Question 4

components of the basal ganglia in the diencephalon

Answer 4

sub-thalamic nucleus

Question 5

part of the basal ganglia that’s in the midbrain

Answer 5

substantia nigra

Question 6

the tripartite loop:

Answer 6

cortex -> BG -> thalamus -> back to cortex

Question 7

input to BG from cortex excites GABAergic neurons of ______

Answer 7

caudate and putamen (CP)

Question 8

output from CP in the direct pathway

Answer 8

Inhibition of the Globus pallidus internal (GPi)

Question 9

GPi goes where in the direct pathway

Answer 9

tonic inhibition of the VA/VL complex of the thalamus. inhibition of the GPi inhibits this inhibition

Question 10

VA/VL complex of thalamus is less inhibited, leading to what?

Answer 10

Activation of the frontal cortex

Question 11

cerebral cortex activates what?

Answer 11

caudate/putamen

Question 12

in the indirect pathway, Caudate/Putamen goes to what?

Answer 12

Globus pallidus external (GPe) - it inhibits it

Question 13

the GPe does what to what structure?

Answer 13

CP inhibition of the GPe diminishes its inhibition of the STN (subthalamic nucleus)

Question 14

activation of the STN does what?

Answer 14

activates the GPi, which inhibits the VA/VL complex

Question 15

inhibition of the VA/VL complex does what?

Answer 15

decreased frontal cortex activity

Question 16

overall level of BG excitations is provided by what?

Answer 16

dopamine from the SN pars compacta to the CP

Question 17

dopamine activates what?

Answer 17

increases direct pathway activity, facilitates moement

Question 18

dopamine inhibits what?

Answer 18

decreased indirect pathway activity, releases inhibition of movement

Question 19

this is involved with coordinating the timing and sequence of muscle actions and movements

Answer 19

cerebellum

Question 20

how does the cerebellum act?

Answer 20

compares expected and actual movements, makes adjustments to motor control sequence

Question 21

damage to the cerebellum causes ______

Answer 21

ataxia (poor control of precise movements)