11.2 sex and sexuality

Question 1

what are organisational effects?

Answer 1

occur during development, determind structure. absense of testosterone gets female phenotype

Question 2

difference in swim in cold water analgesia between males and females

Answer 2

depends on NMDA receptor in males but not in females. difference disappears if estrogen is removed.

Question 3

where is the sexually dimorphic nucleus located?

Answer 3

preoptic area

Question 4

when does circulating estrogen and progesterone appear?

Answer 4

puberty. fall to low levels at menopause

Question 5

sex steroid levels are set by feedback through what?

Answer 5

hypothalamus

Question 6

giving vasopressing to a unmated male induces what?

Answer 6

pairing

Question 7

blocking vasopressin in males prevents what?

Answer 7

pairing

Question 8

stress reduces response to what?

Answer 8

painful stimuli

Question 9

when does circulating testosterone appear?

Answer 9

early in foetal development, falls after birth, rises after puberty

Question 10

basic genetic determinant of sex

Answer 10

SRY gene on Y chromosome determines development of male reproductive organs

Question 11

when does the SDN-POA neuron fire in female rats?

Answer 11

different stages of the act of mating

Question 12

most regions with estrogen receptors are involved in what?

Answer 12

sexual behaviour or regulation of steroid production

Question 13

the hypothalamus causes release of what from where?

Answer 13

FSH and LH from the pituitary, regulates production of sex hormones

Question 14

blocking oxytocin prevents what in females?

Answer 14

pairing

Question 15

swim in warm water analgesia differs how between sexes?

Answer 15

males more sensitive to opioid antagonists than females

Question 16

what are activational effects?

Answer 16

responses to levels of circulating hormones once development is complete, eg. steroid hormone production, stress mediated analgesia

Question 17

mating causes release of what in males and what in females?

Answer 17

vasopressin - males, oxytocin - females

Question 18

the SRY gene leads to what?

Answer 18

development of testosterone secreting cells in early development

Question 19

where does estrogen work at synapses in a rat brain?

Answer 19

membraine

Question 20

where does estrogen work in cell bodies in a rat brain?

Answer 20

DNA transcription, estrogen receptors (ER)

Question 21

testosterone is converted to estradiol by what?

Answer 21

aromatase

Question 22

what happens to the SDN-POA with testosterone treatment around birth?

Answer 22

female converted to male structure