6.24 Oppostion And Reisistance In War Time Flashcards

1
Q

What was a key wild clique that began to re-emerge during the war among the working class youth?

A

Edelweiss pirates

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2
Q

Who were the edelweiss pirates?

A

Mostly working class youths aged 14-18 in Rhineland and Ruhr areas

They were anti Hitler youth and wanted to avoid conscription

Nazi report said they disliked discipline and placed themselves in opposition of the committee

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3
Q

What did the Edelweiss pirates do to resist the regime?

A

Rejected official, disciplined and militaristic culture of Hitler youth by having Organised independent expeditions into the country side
where they sang songs banned in the Hitler youth

Were clashes with Hitler Youth groups in the war years

They obtained supplies by attaching military deports-chaos caused by bombing allowed underground activity to be possible

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4
Q

How did the Nazis respond to the Edelweiss pirates?

A

Used Gestapo and Hitler youth to crush them

First tried shaving their heads and sending them to labour camps-moved to more severe measured

1942 broke up 28 groups in Düsseldorf and the leaders were publicly hanged in 1944

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5
Q

What was the resistance from the middle class youth?

A

Swing youth movement

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6
Q

What did the ministry of justice report the motivations of the swing youth movement was?

A

To have a good time

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7
Q

What did the swing youth movement do?

A

Listened to American and British swing and jazz music and wore English style clothes

Clubs appeared all over Germany where they would listen to jazz music-this placed them in opposition to the regime

Hitler and the Nazi regime wanted to sent the leaders of to concentration camps for two or three years

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8
Q

What was the student opposition called

A

White rose group

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9
Q

Who were the white rose group led by?

A

Hans and Sophie Scholl

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10
Q

What did the shore rose group do?

A

Target educated middle class

Based in Munich they emphasised the importance of individual freedom and personal responsibility in questions of morality. This led the group to attack the Nazi treatment of Jews and Slavs people of Eastern Europe

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11
Q

What did the white rose group do in 1942-43?

A

Issued 6 pamphlets that were distributed in Munich and further afield by sympathisers

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12
Q

What did the white rose group do in Feb 1943?

A

Painted anti Nazi slogans like Hitler mass murder on buildings

Eventually caught by Gestapo and executed

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13
Q

Why did the Roman Catholic Church oppose the regime

A

Protect their organisations in Germany initially

Bishop Gale spoke out against Euthanasia programme in 1940 that had killed 270,000 mentally and physically disabled people -protest struck a chord with Christians and the programme was temporarily bolted by the regime

Priests who distributed Gale’s sermon were persecuted

-3 catholic priests executed

-archbishop Frings of Cologne condemned killing prisoners of war

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14
Q

Who were the only Christian body to speak out publicly against the treatment on Jews?

A

Protestant confessional church of Prussia

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15
Q

Describe the resistance of the Protestant church to the regime?

A

Jan 1943 statement read from churches critiquing the regime

Bonhoeffer who had been banned from public speaking in 1940 spoke out against the regime but it didn’t reach a wide audience

Bonhoeffer arrested by Gestapo in 1943 and executed 1945

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16
Q

What undermined communist resistance to the regime?

A

1939 Nazi soviet pact

17
Q

At the time of the invasion of the ussr June 1941 how many communist underground cells where there in Berlin

A

89

18
Q

What was the communist main way of spreading ideas and attempting to recruit?

A

Issuing leaflets attacking the regime

Gestapo had considerable success destroying their underground network by end of 1943 22 of 89 cells destroyed

Movement had no hope of gaining support as USSR was seen as main enemy

19
Q

Why did the elected never join together to overthrow Hitler

A

Had no unity of purpose some felt a moral conviction regime was evil others acted out of patriotism and felt Hitler was leading Germany to destruction

20
Q

Who was in the Kreisau circle

A

-aristocrats
Lawyers
SPD menders
Churchmen such as Bonhoeffer

Group united under belief of personal freedom and individual responsibility

21
Q

Who was a key leading figure in the Kreisau ciricle?

A

Count Hulmut Von Moltke

22
Q

What happened to the Kreisau circle

A

Had 3 meetings in 1942-43 before Gestapo broke them up

23
Q

Why did the elites decide to try and assassinate Hitler?

A

Defeat in Stalingrad showed he was leading her armies to disaster

24
Q

Who was Involved with the assignation of Hitler attempts?

A

General Beck
Karl Goerdeler
Ulrich Von Hassell

25
Q

Who joined the conspiracy against Hitler in 1943 and what did he do

A

Claus Von Stauffenberg-succeeded in planting a bomb in Hitler’s head quarters in July 1944

26
Q

What happened to the July 1944 plot

A

Bomb explodes but Hitler escapes with minor injures -was a broadcast of Hitler to show he was still alive which out and end to attempted coup

Led to army losing all its remaining independence and was put under SS control

General beck commits sliced and stauffenberg was shot

7000 arrested and 5746 killed

27
Q
A