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A Level History-Germany > 4.17 The Radicalistion Of The State > Flashcards

4.17 The Radicalistion Of The State Flashcards

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1
Q

What was phase 1 for the Nazi regime?

A

Legal revolution 1933-34. Hitler has come to power dependent on political allies. He could not completely prevent the SA violence but controlled it as much as he could. He consolidated his power by legal means

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2
Q

What was phase 2 for the Nazi regime?

A

Creating a new Germany 1934-37

By August 1934 the Nazi regime was secure but Hitler still cared about public opinion at home and abroad, e.g the Olympic Games in Berlin 1936. Before the games the Nazi anti-Semitism was put under wraps whilst Nazi propaganda projected the image of a civilised German society.

Between 1934 and 1937 Hitler avoided confronting powerful groups such as the army or churches

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3
Q

What was phase 3 for the Nazi regime?

A

Radicalisation of the state 1938-39

By the end of 1937 the economy has recovered, SS completely controlled the police and Hitler felt Germany was ready for war

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4
Q

What is the social Darwinism race theory?

A

Adapted Darwin’s scientific principles of natural selection to unscientific theories about human society to justify ideas of racial superiority and Eugenics

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5
Q

Describe Hitler’s hierarchy of races?

A

Jews, blacks and slavs were inferior

Aryan people of Northern Europe was the master race

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6
Q

Volksgemeinschaft def

A

People’s community

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7
Q

What is needed for people to qualify as part of the volk

A

Have to be German and have ‘German features

(Reserved for Aryans only)’

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8
Q

Who were excluded for the Volksgemeinschaft

A

Political enemies
Asocials (didn’t fit norms imposed by Nazis)
Racial enemies(those of a different race and with hereditary defects such as disease and disabilities

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9
Q

What is Lebensraum

A

Living space for the expanding population of the Aryan race in Germany

Widespread support for the idea in Germany as the country was already over populated and the industrious farmers needed more land (people viewed Germany as doing this through expansion to the East)

Lebensraum would bring lost Germans back into the Reich

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10
Q

What is Eugenics?

A

Unscientific racist idea that mental and physical characteristics of human race can be improved by choosing who had children

Promotes selective breeding for ‘desirable characteristics’

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11
Q

What is the law for prevention of hereditary diseases?

A

Introduced compulsory sterilisation for certain categories of ‘inferiors’

(Later amendments permitted sterilisation or kids over 10 years and the use of force to carry it out after 14 years with no right to legal representation)

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12
Q

Where was the decisions on sterilisation made?

A

Hereditary health courts

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13
Q

How many people were sterilised during the 3rd Reich

A

400,000

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14
Q

When was Euthenasia authorised?

A

October 1939

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15
Q

How were children killed in the euthanasia program?

A

Sent to special hospitals to be starved to death or given lethal injections (parents assured their child had died in spite of receiving the best treatment (killed more 500 kids)

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16
Q

What was the euthanasia program called?

A

T4 program

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17
Q

The end of the T4 programme?

A

Rome declared it was against the positive law of God in December 1940

Was halted in August 1941

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18
Q

Who are asocials?

A

Covered a wide range of people deemed as social outcast

19
Q

What was the policies against asocials?

A

September 1933: round up of tramps and beggars many of whom were homeless(differentiate with ‘orderly’ and ‘disorderly’ homeless

Orderly forced to work for accommodation

Disorderly sent to concentration camps

1936 before Olympic Games held in Berlin, police rounded up large number of ‘tramps and beggars’ from the streets of the capital in order to project an image of hard-working and dynamic society to the world

1936 an asocial colony was set up in northern Germany -aim of colony was to re-educate the asocials to be integrated into society

-1938 here was an even bigger round-up of ‘beggars, tramps and gyosies’-send to Buchenwald concentration camp

20
Q

When the Nazis began of homosexual organisations and literature?

A

1933

21
Q

Nazi policies against homosexuals?

A

-May 1933 attacked institute of Sex Research a gay organisation and burned its library

1934- the gestapo began to compile list of gay people (in the same year SS eliminated Röhm and other leaders of the Nazi SA who were homosexuals

Law on homosexuality amended in 1935, definition changed with harsher penalties (22,000 men arrested and imprisoned 1936-38)

-1936 Reich office for combatting homosexuality and abortion

22
Q

What were the effects of the Nazi anti homosexuality laws?

A

100,00 men arrested for homosexuality (50k convicted)

Gay men who did not abandon sexual orientation sent to concentration camps 60% died

23
Q

Polices to religious sects: November 1933

A

Jehovah’s Witness, Christian scientist, Mormons , Seventh-Day Adventist with members of the new apostolic church

24
Q

Who were the only religious group to show uncompromising hostility to the Nazi state?

A

Jehovah’s Witness 30,000

Refused to give Hitler a salute regarded persecution as a test of their faith

By 1945 10,000 in prison with many dead

25
Q

How many gypsies were in Germany

A

30,000

26
Q

What did Nazi legal experts decide in 1935?

A

Numbermburg laws applied to Gypsies

27
Q

What did Nazis do about Gypsies in 1936

A

Ss set up a new Reich central office for the fight against Gypse nuisance

28
Q

What did Himmler issue in December 1938

A

Decree for the struggle against the Gypse plague which led to more systematic classifications of gypsies

Gypsies were deported to Poland after war broke out

29
Q

3 phases in development of the Nazi regime?

A
  1. Legal revolution 1933-34
  2. Creation of new Germany 1934-37
  3. Radicalisation of the state 1938-39
30
Q

What is social Darwinism?

A

Adapted Dawins scientific principles of natural selection to unscientific theories to justify racial superiority and the theory of Eugenics

31
Q

Volksgemeinschaft def

A

People’s community

32
Q

Who was excluded from the volksgemeinschaft

A

-political enemies
-asocials
-radical enemies (different race + hereditary defects)

33
Q

What is Lebensraum

A

Living space

34
Q

What is eugenics?

A

Unscientific racist idea that the mental and physical characteristics of human race could be improved by controlling who has kids

35
Q

What was the law for the prevention of hereditary diseases and when was it produced

A

July 1933

Compulsory sterilisation for “inferiors”

Decisions about it made at Hereditary health courts

During the course of the third Reich 400,000 were sterilised

36
Q

When was Euthenasia authorised for those with mental health problems?

A

October 1939

37
Q

What was the T4 programme?

A

October 1939 rapidly expanded and moved to new larger quarters in Berlin (Euthenasia programme)

38
Q

What caused the end of the T4 programme?

A

Rumours had spread by 1941- protests from churches

Pope denounces what the Nazis are doing-Hitler holds the programme after being alarmed by the hostile public reaction

39
Q

Who are asocials?

A

People Nazism deemed as social outcasts

40
Q

What were the Nazi policies against the asocials?

A

Sep 1933: mass round up of tramps and beggars(300k-500k beggars)-not enough space in concentration camps so separated into disorderly and orderly

Orderly forced to work
Disorderly sent to camps

1936: before Olympic Games police round up beggars and tramps from streets to project themselves as a hardworking society

1936: asocial colony sent up known as Hashude in northern Germany-re-educate asocials so they could be integrated into society

1938: even larger round up of beggars and gypsies-sent to Buchenwld concentration camp-few survived

41
Q

When did the Nazi purge against homosexuality begin?

A

1933

42
Q

Describe in detail the persecution of homosexuals?

A

1934: gestapo compile lists of gays

1935: law on homosexuality ammended to widen definition and impose harsher punishment for conventions. Law changes over 22,000 arrested and imprisoned 1936-38

1936: Himler creates Reich office for combatting of homosexuality and abortion

Gays who did not give up sexual orientation sent to camps

Overall 100,000 arrested 50,000 convicted

43
Q

Who were the only group to show uncompromising hostility to Nazis

A

Jehovah’s witnesses-they could only obey God(not Nazis)

30,000 in Germany

33% arrested by 1945

44
Q

Legislation against gypsies?

A

Decided 1935 Nuremberg laws apply to them

1938 decree for struggle against the gypsies plague

A Level History-Germany (24 decks)

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