6.2.4 Carbon-carbon formation and 6.2.5 Synthesis Flashcards
nitrile group
-CN
haloalkane + sodium cyanide or pottasium cyanide (in ethanol) ->
nitriles
how to make hydroxynitrile
aldehydes and ketones react with hydrogen cyanide in nucleophillic reaction
what is used instead of hydrogen cyanide
sodium cyanide and sulfuric acid
how to reduce a nitrile to an amine
react with hydrogen in presence of Nickel catalyst
hydrolysis of nitriles
hydrolysed to form carboxylic acids by heating with dilute HCl
what is alkylation
reaction that transfers an alkyl group from a haloalkane to a benzene ring
- takes place in presence of catalyst such as aliminium chloride
what is acylation
when benzene reacts with an acyl chloride in presence of an aluminium chloride catalyst then a ketone is formed
alcohol to alkene
H2SO4
alcohol to haloalkane
sodium halide
H2SO4
alkene to alcohol
H3PO4
H2O
haloalkane to alcohol
NaOH
haloalkane to nitrile
NaCN
nitrile to amine
H2
Ni catalyst
nitrile to carboxylic acids
H2O
HCl
halolkane to amine
NH3
ethanol
carboxylic acids to acyl chloride
+ SOCl2
acyl chloride to carboxylic acid
+ H2O
acyl chloride to ester
+ alcohol
ester to sodium salt of carboxylic acid and alcohol
+ NaOH
alkaline hydrolysis
acyl chloride to primary amide
+ NH3
acyl chloride to secondary amide
+ primary amine
aldehyde to hydroxynitrile
+ NaCN
H+
aldehyde to alcohol
+ NaBH4
H2O
alcohol to aldehyde
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
heat and distil
alcohol to carboxylic acid
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
H.U.R
