6.1.2 Carbonyls

Question 1

what are carbonyls

Answer 1

ketones and aldehydes

Question 2

what does oxidation of secondary alcohol form

Answer 2

ketone

Question 3

what does oxidation of primary alcohol form when heat and distil

Answer 3

aldehyde

Question 4

are carbonyls polar or not

Answer 4

very polar

Question 5

why are small aldehydes and ketones completely miscible with water

Answer 5

dissolve through H bonds

Question 6

what type of mechanism do carbonyls do

Answer 6

nucleophilic addition
reduction mechanism

Question 7

test for carbonyls method

Answer 7

add 2,4-DNP/ brady’s reagent
turns to orange precipitate if carbonyl present
filter
recrystalise impure derivative
measure melting point
compare to known data values

Question 8

test for aldehydes method

Answer 8

add tollens reagent
warm
if aldehydes present creates silver mirror

Question 9

what is tollens reagent

Answer 9

silver nitrate
sodium hydroxide
ammonium hydroxide
brown precipitate

Question 10

why do you filter the orange precipitate when testing for carbonyls

Answer 10

to get impure 2,4-DNP derivative

Question 11

reduction of ketones and aldehydes

Answer 11

NaBH4
warm using water or ethanol as solvent
use [H] to represent it

Question 12

what colour does acidified pottasium dichromate turn during oxidation reaction

Answer 12

orange to green solution