4.2.1 Alchols Flashcards
Uses of alchols
Drinks
Cleaning spirits
Oxygenate additive
Feedstock to produce other chemicals
Functional group of alchol
OH
Classification of alcohol
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
What affects denisty
Structure of the molecule
Straight or branched
What affects melting point solubility and viscosity
Imf
Why was propane-1,2,3-triol most viscosity
More lone pairs on O so hydrogen bonding will be stronger so more energy required to overcome
How to make propan-2-ol
Start with propene
Undergo electrophillic addition mechanism with H2O
Conditions to make propan-2-ol
High temp and pressure
Conc phosphoric acid catalyst
Another way to make alchol
Fermentation of sugars from plant carbohydrates
Room temp
Anaerobic conditions
Enzyme catalyst
Types of reactions alchols do
Nucleophillic substitution
Elimination
Oxidation
Combistion
Conditions for oxidation of alchols
Potassium dichromate with dilute sulphuric acid
Heat
Observation of oxidation of primary and secondary alchols
Orange to green solution
Observation of tertiary alchol
Stays orange solution
What does elimination reaction of alchol form
Alkene
Conditions for elimination reaction
Concentrated sulphuric acid
Heat under reflux
What products does elimination of alchol form
Alkene
Water
Nucleophillic substitution reaction reactants and products
React with hydrogen halide and sulphuric acid
Forms haloalkane
percentage yield equation
moles of product actually produced/theoretical moles of product x100
Atom economy equation
RFM of desired products/ RFMs of all products X 100
what atom economy do addition reactions have
100%
