6.2.1 Amines and 6.2.2 amino acids, amides and chirality Flashcards
Primary amines
replace 1 hydrogen
secondary amines
replace 2 hydrogens
tertiary amines
replace 3 amines
quaternary amines
all hydrogens replaced and extra bond due to lone pair of N
becomes positive
How to name secondary amines
name longest C chainthats attached to N
combine with amine as you would a primary amine
name shorter Carbon chain and add prefix N-
How to name tertiary amines
simular to secondary amines but use two N,N-
properties of amines
soluble in water
solutions are alkaline
why are amine solutions alkaline
Nitrogen acts as a proton acceptor
amines solubility in water
solubility decreases as C chain increases noticible after 6 C
hydrocarbon chains have to force their way between water molecules breaking hydrogen bonds between water molecules
boiling point of amine
increases with molecular mass
as have H bond between lone pair on N and H+ of adjacent molecule
chemical properties of amines
weak bases - strength depends on how well N lone pair accepts H+. Increase electron density of N lone pair = stronger base
Lewis bases- can be lone pair donors
can be nucleophiles
what happens to base strength when amine reacts with benzene
N lone pair is delocalised into benzene ring lowering the base strength
why must ammonia be in excess when you make a primary amine from ammonia and haloalkane
decrease chance of primary amine acting as nucleophile and reacting with haloalkane
what functional groups make up an amide
a carbonyl directly bonded to a N atom
what makes up an amino acid
amine and carboxylic acid functional group
