6.2.1 Amines and 6.2.2 amino acids, amides and chirality Flashcards
Primary amines
replace 1 hydrogen
secondary amines
replace 2 hydrogens
tertiary amines
replace 3 amines
quaternary amines
all hydrogens replaced and extra bond due to lone pair of N
becomes positive
How to name secondary amines
name longest C chainthats attached to N
combine with amine as you would a primary amine
name shorter Carbon chain and add prefix N-
How to name tertiary amines
simular to secondary amines but use two N,N-
properties of amines
soluble in water
solutions are alkaline
why are amine solutions alkaline
Nitrogen acts as a proton acceptor
amines solubility in water
solubility decreases as C chain increases noticible after 6 C
hydrocarbon chains have to force their way between water molecules breaking hydrogen bonds between water molecules
boiling point of amine
increases with molecular mass
as have H bond between lone pair on N and H+ of adjacent molecule
chemical properties of amines
weak bases - strength depends on how well N lone pair accepts H+. Increase electron density of N lone pair = stronger base
Lewis bases- can be lone pair donors
can be nucleophiles
what happens to base strength when amine reacts with benzene
N lone pair is delocalised into benzene ring lowering the base strength
why must ammonia be in excess when you make a primary amine from ammonia and haloalkane
decrease chance of primary amine acting as nucleophile and reacting with haloalkane
what functional groups make up an amide
a carbonyl directly bonded to a N atom
what makes up an amino acid
amine and carboxylic acid functional group
how to make ester with an amino acid
heat with alcohol in presence of conc H2SO4
what does 2 amino acids joined make
dipeptide
linked by peptide bond
how to split 2 amino acids
reflux with HCl or NaOH
chiral carbon
carbon atom attached to 4 different atoms/groups
will have optical isomers
chiral molecule
molecule without plane of symmetry
have non super imposable mirror images
may have chiral carbon atom
