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UROGENITAL > 6.2 Embryonic development of EXTERNAL GENITALIA and GENITAL DUCT DERIVATIVES > Flashcards

6.2 Embryonic development of EXTERNAL GENITALIA and GENITAL DUCT DERIVATIVES Flashcards

1
Q

MESONEPHRIC DUCTS aka

A

WOLFIAN DUCTS

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2
Q

PARAMESONEPHRIC DUCTS aka

A

MULLARIAN DUCTS

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3
Q

when does DEVELOPMENT of EXTERNAL GENITALIA start

A

around 4 WEEKS

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4
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL GENITALIA landmark weeks

A

week 4
(week 7)
week 9
week 12

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5
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL GENITALIA
what happens at WEEK 4:

A

proliferating MESENCHYME produces a GENITAL TUBERCLE - primordium of CLITORIS or PENIS

at CAUDIAL (TAIL) end

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6
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL GENITALIA
what do we have at week 7

A

External Genitalia are SEXUALLY UNDIFFERENTIATED

  • only takes place when testosterone produced (8 weeks)
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7
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL GENITALIA
what begin to appear at WEEK 9

A

DISTINGUISHING SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS

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8
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL GENITALIA
what do we have at WEEK 12 and what happens

A

FULLY DIFFERENTIATED external genitalia

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9
Q

which GROWTH FACTOR is found to be involved in the SINGALLING PATHWAYS in the EARLY DEVELOPMENT of EXTERNAL GENITALIA (WEEK 12)

A

FGF8

(testosterone is not the only factor involved)

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10
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL GENITALIA

what develop on EACH SIDE of the CLOACAL MEMBRANE

A

LABIOSCROTAL SWELLINGS and UROGENITAL FOLDS

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11
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL GENITALIA

GENITAL TUBERCLE soon ELONGATES to form a …

A

PRIMORDIAL PHALLUS
- PENIS / CLITORIS

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12
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL GENITALIA

in a FEMALE fetus the URETHRA and VAGINA OPEN into a COMMON CAVITY called ..

A

the VESTIBULE of the VAGINA

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13
Q

what is MASCULINIZATION INDUCED by

A

DHT
DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE

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14
Q

what is DHT (DEHYDROTESTOSTERONE) PRODUCED peripherally by..

A

5 ALPHA-REDUCTASE CONVERSION of TESTOSTERONE (produced by Leydig cells)

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15
Q

TESTOSTERONE is converted to DHT by which ENZYME in order for it to work

A

5 ALPHA REDUCTASE

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16
Q

in MALES
the EPITHELIUM of the URETHRA comes from the..

A

ENDODERM of the UROGENITAL SINUS (comes from cloaca)

(except for that of the distal part of the spongy urethra in males)

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17
Q

GLANULAR part of the URETHRA (urethra of the GLANS) is derived from..

A

ECTODERM

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18
Q

the GENITAL TUBERCLE, CONNECTIVE TISSUE and SMOOTH MUSCLE are derived from..

A

SPLANCHNIC MESENCHYME

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19
Q

the Embryo has 2 PAIRS of GENITAL DUCTS:

A

MESONEPHRIC DUCTS (WOLFFIAN) - persist in males

PARAMESONEPHRIC DUCTS (MULLERIAN) - persist in females

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20
Q

example of a vestigial structure that remains after DUCTS regress
remnant of paramesonephric duct:

A

APPENDIX TESTIS in the MALE

21
Q

what happens to the MESONEPHRIC DUCTS in FEMALE embryos and why

A

REGRESS
in ABSENCE of TESTOSTERONE

22
Q

what happens to the PARAMESONEPHRIC DUCTS in FEMALE embryos and why

A

DEVELOP
due to ABSENCE of AMH (ANTIMULLERIAN HORMONE)

(form most of the female genital tract)

23
Q

female sexual development does not depend on the presence of ovaries or hormones until..

A

puberty

24
Q

what do both MESONEPHRIC DUCTS and PARAMESONEPHRIC DUCTS connect to

A

UROGENITAL SINUS (developed from cloacal membrane)

25
Q

FEMALES:
CRANIAL PARTS of the PARAMESONEPHRIC DUCTS remain UNFUSED and become the..

A

UTERINE TUBES (fallopian tubes)

26
Q

FEMALES:
CAUDAL PARTS of the PARAMESONEPHRIC DUCTS FUSE to form the..

A

UTEROVAGINAL PRIMORDIUM
- uterus, upper 3rd of vagina and broad ligament

27
Q

FEMALES:
which end of the PARAMESONEPHRIC DUCTS FUSE and what does it form

A

CAUDAL

  • UTEROVAGINAL PRIMORDIUM
28
Q

FEMALES
what will the UTEROVAGINAL PRIMORDIUM become

A

Uterus, Upper 3rd of VAGINA, BROAD LIGAMENT

29
Q

FEMALES
important GENE for regulating PARANEPHRIC DUCTS

A

HOX genes

30
Q

FEMALES
the ENDOMETRIAL STROMA and MYOMETRIUM (connective tissue and muscle) are derived from..

A

SPLANCHNIC MESENCHYME

31
Q

EPITHELIUM of the VAGINA develops from the..

A

ENDODERM of the UROGENITAL SINUS

32
Q

FIBROMUSCULAR WALL of VAGINA develops from the..

A

UTEROVAGINAL PRIMORDIUM

33
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF VAGINA

when UTEROVAGINAL PRIMORDIUM meets the UROGENITAL SINUS this area is called the..

A

SINUS TUBERCLE

34
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF VAGINA

formation of SINUS TUBERCLE INDUCES the formation of..

A

SINOVAGINAL BULBS
paired endodermal outgrowths

which extend from the UROGENITAL SINUS to the CAUDAL END of the UTEROVAGINAL PRIMORDIUM

35
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF VAGINA

SINOVAGINAL BULBS FUSE to form a..

A

VAGINAL PLATE

36
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF VAGINA

how does the VAGINAL PLATE form the LUMEN of the VAGINA

A

CENTRAL WALLS of vaginal plate BREAK DOWN

37
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF VAGINA

the PERIPHERAL CELLS of the VAGINAL PLATE form the

A

VAGINAL EPITHELIUM

38
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF VAGINA

later in foetal life the LUMEN of the VAGINA is SEPARATED from the cavity of the UROGENITAL SINUS by a MEMBRANE:

and how is it formed

A

HYMEN

  • formed by INVAGINATION of the POSTERIOR WALL of the UROGENTIAL SINUS

(ruptures during Perinatal period - first 28 days after birth - and remains as a thin mucous membrane just within the vaginal orifice)

38
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF VAGINA

later in foetal life the LUMEN of the VAGINA is SEPARATED from the cavity of the UROGENITAL SINUS by a MEMBRANE:

and how is it formed

A

HYMEN

  • formed by INVAGINATION of the POSTERIOR WALL of the UROGENTIAL SINUS

(ruptures during Perinatal period - first 28 days after birth - and remains as a thin mucous membrane just within the vaginal orifice)

39
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF MALE DUCTS
when do TESTES start to produce TESTOSTERONE

A

WEEK 8-12

40
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF MALE DUCTS
when do TESTES start to form AMH
(paramesonephric ducts disappear by epithelial-mesenchymal transformation)

A

WEEK 6-7

41
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF MALE DUCTS
as MESONEPHROS (kidney development) DEGENERATES, some tubules PERSIST as..

A

EFFERENT DUCTULES
opening into the MESONEPHRIC DUCT

42
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF MALE DUCTS
MESONEPHRIC DUCTS become

A

DUCT of EPIDIDYMIS

or

distal to epididymis, acquires a thick investment of SMOOTH MUSCLE and becomes the
DUCTUS DEFERENS

or

EJACULATORY DUCT
(from mesonephric duct between the duct of seminal vesicle and the urethra)

43
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF MALE DUCTS

LATERAL OUTGROWTHS of the CAUDAL END of the MESONEPHRIC DUCT become..

A

SEMINAL VESICLES

44
Q

MALES
SECRETIONS of SEMINAL VESICLES contribute how much of the volume of EJACULATE

A

50-80%

45
Q

MALES
multiple ENDODERMAL OUTGROWTHS arise from the Prostatic part of the URETHRA and GROW INTO the SURROUNDING MESENCHYME to FORM..

A

PROSTATE GLAND

46
Q

what do the EFFERENT DUCTS of testes come from

A

MESONEPHRIC TUBULES

47
Q

What does RETE TESTES come from

A

Sex Cords

48
Q

what do the CLITORIS and PENIS originate from

A

GENITAL TUBERCLE

(elongates into primordial phallus)

UROGENITAL (19 decks)

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