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UROGENITAL > 12. MALE REPRODUCTION - ANATOMY related to function > Flashcards

12. MALE REPRODUCTION - ANATOMY related to function Flashcards

1
Q

GAMETES in MALES

A

SPERMATOZOA
(from TESTES - primary sex organ)

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2
Q

male REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM consists of

A
  • INTERNAL genitalia
    Testes, Epididymis,
    vas deferens, ejaculatory duct,
    seminal vesicle, prostate, bulbourethral glands
  • EXTERNAL genitalia
    Penis, Scrotum
  • ENDOCRINE REGULATION
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3
Q

why do TESTES descend into SCROTUM (outside body)

A

3 DEGREES COOLER

  • LOWER TEMP for OPTIMAL FUNCTION
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4
Q

TESTES have 2 COMPARTMENTS which are separated by a..

A

MEDIAN RAPHE

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5
Q

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES of TESTES are arranged in..

A

LOBULES

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6
Q

where does SPERM ORIGINATE from in the TESTES

A

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

-> rete testes
-> efferent ductules
-> Epididymis (store)
-> Ductus/Vas deferens
-> ejaculatory duct

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7
Q

LEYDIG CELLS (produce testosterone) are found where in the TESTES

A

lie in Loose tissue SURROUNDING SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES (between)

in INTERSTITIUM

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8
Q

TESTIS is ENCLOSED in a TOUGH CAPSULE called
(inner layer)

A

TUNICA ALBUGINEA

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9
Q

inner layer and outer layer of TESTES:

A

INNER:
TUNICA ALBUGINEA

OUTER:
TUNICA VAGINALIS

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10
Q

TESTES SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES (arranged in loops) empty into the.. and where do they go from here

A

RETE TESTES

drain through EFFERENT DUCTULES (VASA EFFERENTIA) into HEAD of EPIDIDYMIS

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11
Q

TESTES
how do the VAS DEFERENS FORM

A

TAIL of EPIDIDYMIS THICKENS and STRAIGHTENS to become vas deferens

(epididymis has head, body, tail)

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12
Q

TESTES
CELLS INSIDE SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

A
  • SERTOLI CELLS (support) (AMH)
  • GERM CELLS (Sand DERIVATIVES
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13
Q

TESTES
CELLS OUTSIDE SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

A
  • LEYDIG CELLS
  • PERITUBULAR MYOCYTES (smooth muscle cells surrounding sf)
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14
Q

TESTES
where do SERTOLI CELLS REST

A

on BASEMENT MEMBRANE of Seminiferous Tubules

extend filamentous cytoplasmic effects? towards LUMEN of tubule

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15
Q

FUNCTION of SERTOLI CELLS

A

SUPPORT and NOURISH SPERMATOGENIC CELLS

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16
Q

SERTOLI CELLS SECRETE:

A
  • MULLERIAN REGRESSION FACTOR (AMH)
  • INHIBIN
  • ACTIVIN
  • ANDROGEN BINDING PROTEINS
  • OESTROGEN BINDING PROTEINS
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17
Q

LEYDIG CELLS secrete TESTOSTERONE in RESPONSE to..

A

LH - LEUTENISING HORMONE from anterior pituitary

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18
Q

2 Populations of LEYDIG CELLS

A
  • FOETAL LEYDIG CELLS
    secrete testosterone in foetus and regress after birth
  • ADULT LEYDIG CELLS
    secrete testosterone from PUBERTY
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19
Q

TESTICULAR ARTERIES arise from..

A

AORTA

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20
Q

TESTICULAR VEINS (PAMPINIFORM PLEXUS) DRAIN into..

A

LEFT: RENAL VEIN

RIGHT: INFERIOR VENA CAVA

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21
Q

TESTES LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE into..

A

PARA-AORTIC NODES

(scrotal skin drains to inguinal nodes)

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22
Q

from RETE TESTIS how many EFFERENT DUCTULES pass into the EPIDIDYMUS HEAD (capcut)

A

12-20

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23
Q

how do EFFERENT DUCTULES DRAIN into EPIDIDYMAL DUCTS

A

ENLARGE to form LOBULE

the DUCT from each LOBULE DRAINS into a SINGLE EPIDIDYMAL DUCT

  • winds approx 6 M to form body and tail (thickens and straightens into Vas deferens)
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24
Q

how long are EPIDIDYMAL DUCTS

A

6 m

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25
what collectively form the REPRODUCTIVE TRACTS, which SPERM EXIT each testes through
- EPIDIDYMUS - VAS / DUCTUS DEFERENS - EJACULATORY DUCT
26
EJACULATORY DUCT drains into a single...
URETHRA (common tube for semen and urine)
27
PASSAGE of the VAS DEFERENS from testes to ejaculatory duct (internal ring)
PASSES THROUGH INGUINAL CANAL LATERAL to INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY / vessels MEDIAL to all STRUCTURES of the PELVIC SIDE WALL TO BASE of PROSTATE, POSTERIORLY JOINS SEMINAL VESICLE duct to form EJACULATORY DUCT (opens into urethra)
28
VAS DEFERENS pass LATERAL to..
INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY
29
VAS DEFERENS pass ... to all STRUCTURES of PELVIC SIDE WALL
MEDIAL
30
how is the EJACULATORY DUCT formed
VAS DEFERENS (AMPULLA) JOINS with SEMINAL VESICLE(
31
the TERMINAL VAS is DILATED (known as AMPULLA) and is capable of..
STORING SPERMATOZOA
32
how LONG is EJACULATORY DUCT (PAIR of tubes)
2 cm
33
EJACULATORY DUCTS travel THROUGH the .. and DRAIN into
PROSTATE drain into COLLICULUS SEMINALIS / VERUMONTANUM of PROSTATE
34
what are the ACCESSORY SEX GLANDS
- SEMINAL VESICLES - PROSTATE GLAND - BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS (Cowper's glands)
35
60-70% of EJACULATE comes from..
SEMINAL VESICLE (lateral outpouching of Vas)
36
SEMINAL VESICLES LINED by..
COLUMNAR SECRETARY EPITHELIUM with GOBLET CELLS
37
which CELLS are found LINING the SEMINAL VESICLES
GOBLET CELLS
38
what do SEMINAL VESICLES SECRETE .... containing:
MUCOID MATERIAL containing FRUCTOSE, CITRIC ACID, other NUTRIENTS, PROSTAGLANDINS, FIBRINOGEN
39
during emission and ejaculation each SEMINAL VESICLE EMPTIES its contents into the EJACULATORY DUCT before or after VAS DEFERENS EMPTIES SPERM
AFTER
40
SEMINAL VESICLE and AMPULLA (vd) lie where in relation to BLADDER
POSTERIOR to bladder Ureter enters bladder MEDIAL to the tip of seminal vesicle
41
as SEMINAL VESICLES join to form Ejaculatory Duct, their SMOOTH MUSCLE COATS FUSE with the...
PROSTATIC CAPSULE at its base
42
what does the DEMONVILLIER'S FASCIA (rectovesicle pouch of peritoneum) SEPARATE
PROSTATE AND SEMINAL VESICLE (and bladder) FROM RECTUM
43
what is the PROSTATE
FIBROMUSCULAR GLAND situated BELOW BLADDER
44
approx weight of PROSTATE
20g (walnut shape)
45
PROSTATE is composed of
- 70% GLANDULAR ELEMENTS - 30% FIBROMUSCULAR STROMA
46
PROSTRATE contributes to how much of the SEMEN VOLUME and what does it include
A THIRD includes NUTRIENTS and ENZYMES to ACTIVATE SPERM
47
contribution of PROSTATE to SPERM
has NUTRIENTS and ENZYMES that ACTIVATE SPERM
48
what is PSA (PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN)
one of several SERINE PROTEASES SECRETED by PROSTATE in HIGH CONCENTRATIONS INTO the EJACULATE - REGULATION OF SEMEN COAGULATION (Makes semen watery so sperm can swim freely)
49
PSA SECRETED BY
PROSTATE into EJACULATE
50
what does PSA (PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN) do
REGULATES SEMEN COAGULATION (becoming viscous or thickened) (makes semen watery so sperm can swim freely)
51
what is a VALUABLE MARKER of PROSTATE DISEASE STATES (not specific for prostate cancer)
PSA
52
GRANDULAR ELEMENTS of PROSTATE are DIVIDED into 3 distinct zones:
- TRANSITION - CENTRAL - PERIPHERAL (anterior fibromuscular stroma does not have glandular tissue in it)
53
TRANSITION ZONE of PROSTATE makes up how much of it
5-10% separated from rest of prostate by a FIBROMUSCULAR BAND
54
TRANSITION ZONE of PROSTATE gives rise to..
BPH BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA (increase in no. cells)
55
what percentage of PROSTATE CANCERS are estimated to come from the TRANSITION ZONE
20%
56
CENTRAL ZONE makes up how much of the PROSTATE gland
25%
57
what percentage of PROSTATE CANCERS are estimated to come from the CENTRAL ZONE
1-2% (LOW)
58
PERIPHERAL ZONE makes up how much of PROSTATE
70% MAKES UP BULK of the PROSTATIC GLANDULAR TISSUE covers POSTERIOR and LATERAL aspects of gland
59
what percentage of PROSTATE CANCERS are estimated to come from the PERIPHERAL ZONE
70% (MOST)
60
PERIPHERAL ZONE covers which parts of PROSTATE
POSTERIOR and LATERAL (easily felt on rectal examination)
61
PROSTATE PERIPHERAL ZONE DUCTS DRAIN into... along..
drain into PROSTATIC SINUS along the entire length of the PROSTATIC URETHRA
62
which PROSTATE ZONE is most commonly AFFECTED by CHRONIC PROSTATITIS
PERIPHERAL ZONE
63
which PROSTATE ZONE makes up MOST of it
PERIPHERAL
64
which PROSTATE ZONE do most PROSTATE CANCERS come from
PERIPHERAL - 70%
65
Which PROSTATE ZONE do the least PROSTATE CANCERS come from
CENTRAL ZONE (1-2%)
66
which PROSTATE ZONE gives rise to BPH (BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA)
TRANSITION ZONE
67
what are the BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS (aka COWPER'S glands) and where are they LOCATED
PAIR of PEA-shaped EXOCRINE GLANDS POTEROLATERAL to the MEMBRANOUS URETHRA
68
what do the BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS do/produce
contribute to the final VOLUME of SEMEN - by PRODUCING a LUBRICATING MUCUS SECRETION
69
what is secreted from TESTES/VAS DEFERENS? SEMINAL VESICLES? PROSTATE GLAND? BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS?
TESTES/VD: SPERMATOZOA SEMINAL VESICLE: MUCOID MATERIAL - fructose, citric acid, nutrients, prostaglandins, fibrinogen (60-70% semen) PROSTATE GLAND: SERINE PROTEASES including PSA, Nutrients, Enzymes (1/3rd semen) BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS: lubricating MUCUS
70
where does PRODUCTION of SPERM occur
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
71
CONTRACTION of DARTOS MUSCLE and CREMASTER MUSCLES (scrotum) is responsible for assisting in..
TEMPERATURE CONTROL

UROGENITAL (19 decks)

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