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UROGENITAL > 04. Anatomy of the Male and Female pelvis and external genitalia (HARC) > Flashcards

04. Anatomy of the Male and Female pelvis and external genitalia (HARC) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the TRUE (lesser) PELVIS and the FALSE (greater) PELVIS

A

TRUE PELVIS: BOWL SHAPED structure. below pelvic brim. inferior. (inner cavity)

FALSE PELVIS: space SUPERIOR to pelvic brim / above Pelvic Inlet

(see image)

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2
Q

what is the name for the EDGE of the PELVIC INLET

A

LINEA TERMINALIS

PECTINEAL LINE forms part of the linea terminalis (between pubis and iliac)

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3
Q

what two parts of pelvic are in the same plane

A

ASIS and PUBIC TUBERCLE

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4
Q

where does the PELVIC INLET line go from/to

A

promontory (point) of SACRUM
ARCUATE LINE of ILIUM
ILIOPECTINAL LINE
POSTERIOR surface of PUBIC CREST

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5
Q

PELVIC INLET line from the promontory (point) of the SACRUM, ARCUATE LINE of ILIUM, ILIOPECTINAL LINE and POSTERIOR surface of PUBIC CREST is at what ANGLE

A

35-50 DEGREE

(/approx 45)

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6
Q

the Pelvic OUTLET is formed between.. (4)

A

ISCHIOPUBIC RAMI
ISCHIAL TUBEROSITIES
SACROTUBEROUS LIGAMENTS
DISTAL SACRUM (sometimes coccyx)

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7
Q

TRUE PELVIS is considered to start at..

A

PELVIC INLET

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8
Q

FEMALE and MALE PELVIS

difference in SHAPE of PELVIC INLET

A

female: OVAL

male: HEART shape

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9
Q

FEMALE and MALE PELVIS

SUB PUBIC ARCH ANGLES

A

female: 80-85 DEGREE

male: narrow. 50-60 DEGREE

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10
Q

what do you have above and below the LINEA TERMINALIS

A

above: ABDOMINAL CAVITY

below: PELVIC CAVITY

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11
Q

layers going below Pelvic cavity

A

PELVIC FASCIA

PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLES

PERINEUM (below pelvic floor)

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12
Q

one PELVC BONE is also known as

A

INNOMINATE bone

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13
Q

TRUE PELVIS aka

A

LESSER pelvis

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14
Q

FALSE PELVIS aka

A

GREATER pelvis

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15
Q

the SCROTUM is the male homologous of the female..

A

LABIA MAJORA

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16
Q

in the FETUS how do we result in a single SCROTUM

A

LABIOSCROTAL SWELLINGS FUSE across the MIDLINE

(labioscrotal swellings differentiate into scrotum in males)

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17
Q

TESTES and associated structures DESCENT into SCROTUM from the..

A

POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

Gubernaculum brings them down (brought more anterior)
(need colder temperatures outside the body)

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18
Q

GUBERNACULUM pulls TESTES through 2 PHASES:

A
  • TRANSABDOMINAL
    passes through abdomen
  • INGUINOSCROTAL
    through inguinal canal into scrotum
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19
Q

what CELLS STIMULATE ENLARGEMENT of GUBERNACULUM and when

A

LEYDIG CELLS
at 10 WEEKS

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20
Q

what does the GUBERNACULUM (cord of tissue) CONNECT

A

INFERIOR POLE of GONAD
and LABIOSCROTAL SWELLINGS

(pass through anterior abdominal wall)

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21
Q

as the GUBERNACULUM pulls TESTES DOWN, it creates a TUBULAR EXTENSION of the PERITONEAL CAVITY called..

A

PROCESSUS VAGINALIS

projects

Testes pass behind / posterior

(usually closes and obliterates)

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22
Q

TESTES DESCEND with

A

their associated NEUROVASCULAR STRUCTURES and ducts

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23
Q

PROCESSUS VAGINALIS CLOSES up and obliterates and is known asn

A

TUNICA VAGINALIS

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24
Q

what is the name for the REMNANT of the LINE OF FUSION between the LABIOSCROTAL SWELLINGS in the fetus and where can you see it

A

RAPHE

extends from the ANUS over the SCROTAL SAC and onto inferior aspect of body of PENIS

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25
what are TESTES RESPONSIBLE for
TESTOSTERONE and SPERM PRODUCTION
26
TESTES BLOOD SUPPLY consists of
TESTICULAR ARTERY and VEINS (aka pampiniform plexus)
27
TESTES are ENCLOSED in a ..
MUSCULODFASCIAL POUCH continuous with anterior abdominal wall
28
TESTES are suspended in the SCROTUM by the..
SPERMATIC CORD (also contains DUCTUS DEFERNES)
29
LAYERS of the ABDOMINAL WALL
- SKIN - SCARPA'S FASCIA - EXTERNAL OBLIQUE (muscle) - INTERNAL OBLIQUE (muscle) - TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINUS (muscle) - TRANSVERSALIS FASCIA - PERITONEUM
30
LAYERS of the SCROTUM (6/7)
- SKIN - DARTOS and SMOOTH MUSCLE - EXTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA - CREMASTER MUSCLE and FASCIA - CREMASTER MUSCLE and FASCIA - INTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA - TUNICA VAGINALIS (Some Damn Englishmen Called It the Testes)
31
CREMASTER MUSCLE (in scrotum) is INNERVATED by
GENITAL BRANCH of the GENITOFEMORAL NERVE (L1 L2) (cremaster muscle tenses for thermoregulation and protection)
32
GENITOFEMORAL NERVE comes from which SPINAL NERVES
L1 & L2
33
GENITOFEMORAL NERVE splits into 2 branches
- GENITAL BRANCH - FEMORAL BRANCH
34
what causes a Motor response of the GENITOFEMORAL NERVE (cremaster muscle tenses) / how to test
stroking inner thigh stimulates sensory in turn
35
is the INGUINAL CANAL only in males
NO also in females
36
INGUINAL CANAL has parts
DEEP INGUINAL RING SUPERFICIAL INGUINAL RING
37
in TESTES, SPERMATOZOA are PRODUCED in 400-600 HIGHLY COILED..
SEMNIFEROUS TUBULES
38
in TESTES, highly coiled SEMNIFEROUS TUBULES at each end become STRAIGHT TUBULES CONNECTED to the...
RETE TESTES ('network') - COLLECTING CHAMBER
39
in TESTES, SPERMATOZOA from RETE TESTES (collecting chamber) go THROUGH EFFERENT DUCTULES to the...
EPIDIDYMIS
40
TESTES SPERMATOZOA go from RETE TESTES to the EPIDIDYMIS though how many EFFERENT DUCTULES
12-20
41
where are the SPERMATOZOA in TESTES STORES until Ejaculation
EPIDIDYMIS
42
from TESTES the SPERMATOZOA pass via .... into the EJACULATORY DUCT
DUCTUS DEFERENS
43
route of SPERMATOZOA from production to ejaculatory duct
1. SEMNIFEROUS TUBULES (400-600) 2. RETE TESTES 3. through EFFERENT DUCTULES (12-20) 4. EPIDIDYMIS 5. through DUCTUS DEFERENS
44
PENIS is mostly composed of
2 CORPORA CAVERNOSA (dorsal/posterior) 1 CORPOSA SPONGIOSUM (ventral/anterio)
45
PENIS is mostly composed of
2 CORPORA CAVERNOSA (dorsal/posterior) 1 CORPUS SPONGIOSUM (ventral/anterior)
46
the ROOT of the PENIS consists of
2 CRURA (single crus) ('legs') which are the proximal parts of the CORPORA CAVERNOSA ATTACHED to the PUBIC ARCH
47
what is the BULB of the PENIS
the PROXIMAL part of the CORPUS SPONGIOSUM ANCHORED to the PERINEAL MEMBRANE
48
the BODY of the PENIS is formed by the JOINING of..
the 2 CRURA / proximal FREE parts of the CORPORA CAVERNOSA and the related FREE part of the CORPUS SPONGIOSUM
49
the TIP of the BODY of the PENIS is COVERED by the ... which is...
GLANS PENIS (greatest cutaneous sensitivity) - EXTENDED CAP of the CORPUS SPONGIOSUM
50
what is the name for the SAGITTAL SLIT at the TIP of the GLANS PENIS
EXTERNAL URETHRAL ORIFICE
51
the GLANS of the PENIS is COVERED by the..
PREPUCE (Foreskin) loose fold of retractable skin attached to the ventral surface of the glans penis under the CORONA, at the FRENULUM
52
mechanism of ERECTION is a VASCULAR event STIMULATED by..
PARASYMPATHETIC FIBRES
53
ERECTION stimulated by PARASYMPATHETIC FIBRES which are carried in which NERVES
PELVIC SPLANCHNIC NERVES (from ventral rami S2-S4)
54
STIMULATION of pelvic splanchnic nerves for ERECTION cause ...
VASODILATION of ARTERIES (relax) Corpora cavernosa and Corpus Spongiosum become engorged with blood and expand INCREASE in Internal PRESSURE
55
what happens to VEINS in ERECTION
COMPRESSED against surrounding fascia - PREVENTING OUTLFOW of BLOOD
56
PENIS returns to flaccid state by
VASOCONSTRICTION of ARTERIES
57
function of the GENITAL BRANCH of the GENITOFEMORAL NERVE
CONTRACTION of the CREMASTER MUSCLE
58
PELVIS can be split into 2 Triangles
UROGENITAL TRIANGLE (ischial tuberosities and pubic symphysis) ANAL TRIANGLE (Ischial tuberosities and Coccyx)
59
FUNCTION of PELVIC FLOOR
SUPPORTS the PELVIC VISCERA (ORGANS) also SEPARATES the PELVIC CAVITY (above) and PERINEUM (below)
60
PELVIC FLOOR formed by the PELVIC DIAGPHRAGM which consists of which MUSCLES
LEVATOR ANI COCCYGEUS (aka Ischiococcygeus, attaches to ischial spine)
61
where the PELVIX FLOOR is incomplete anteriorly to allow passage or Urethra and Vagina it is called
UROGENITAL HIATUS
62
LEVATOR ANI muscles are:
PUBOCOCCYGEUS from pubic bone to coccyx tip (posterior) ILIOCOCCYGEUS heading from ilium to coccyx tip (posterior) (goes to obturator internus, towards ilium)
63
PUBOCOCCYGEUS MUSCLE can also include which muscle
PUBORECTALIS muscle (slings around the rectum) some textbooks also include Pubovaginalis/lavator prostatae
64
name of the body where the LEVATOR ANI muscles ATTACHE to each other
ANOCOCCYGEAL BODY
65
how does PUBORECTALIST PREVENT DEFACATION
fibres form a SLING around the junction between the rectum and anus (PERINEAL FLEXURE) - CONTRACT - CREATES 80 DEGREE ANGLE relaxation increases the angle
66
LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE can also be used to CONTROL..
URINATION (anterior fibres around urethra) (muscles may be damaged in females by child birth, leading to weakness of sphincter mechanism and stress incontinence, causing leak)
67
muscles that help contract / compress URETHRA in FEMALES
COMPRESSOR URETHRAE SPHINCTER URETHROVAGINALIS (around urethra and vagina) SPHINCTER URETHRA
68
MUSCLE that help compress URETHRA in MALES
EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER
69
CHILD BIRTH can cause TEARS of..
PERINEUM or TEAR of PUBOCOCCYGEUS Episiotomy is an incision made to prevent more damage and enables better recovery
70
PERINEAL TEAR CLASSIFICATION from childbirth FIRST DEGREE: SECOND: THIRD: FOURTH:
1st: Superficial Perineal Skin or VAGINAL MUCOSA torn 2nd: also PERINEAL MUSCLES torn 3rd: also ANAL SPHINCTER torn 4th: also RECTUM torn
71
PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLES are INNERVATED by which NERVE
PUDENDAL NERVE to relax pelvic floor muscles during childbirth, can adminiter anaesthetic to pudendal nerve (ischial spine is located)
72
in FEMALES, what is the name of the PAIR of ERECTILE STRUCTURES that are situated at either side of the vaginal opening
BULBS of VESTIBULE
73
in WOMEN small bands of erectile tissue connect the anterior ends of the BULBS of VESTIBULE to a pea-sized ERECTILE MASS called
GLANS CLITORIS
74
in WOMEN ROOT consists of
2 CRURA (corpora cavernosa)
75
in WOMEN, the BODY is formed by
the UNATTACHED parts of the 2 CORPORA CAVERNOSA
76
in WOMEN the CLITORIS and VESTIBULAR APPARATUS together with numerous skin and tissue folds form the..
VULVA
77
FEMALES either side of the midline, there are 2 THIN SKIN FOLDS called
LABIA MINORA / MINUS
78
FEMALES Region BETWEEN LABIA MINORA, into which urethra and vagina OPEN is called...
VESTIBULE ('entrance')
79
FEMALES anteriorly the LIBIA MINORA BIFURCATE (divide into 2 branches) and the MEDIAL portions UNITE to form the..
FRENULUM OF THE CLITORIS (joins the glans clitoris)
80
FEMALES anteriorly the LIBIA MINORA BIFURCATE (divide into 2 branches) and the LATERAL FOLDS form..
PREPUCE of the CLITORIS (foreskin)
81
the space INFERIOR to the PELVIC FLOOR is called the
PERINEUM

UROGENITAL (19 decks)

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