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UROGENITAL > 6.1 Embryonic Development of GONADS > Flashcards

6.1 Embryonic Development of GONADS Flashcards

1
Q

UROGENITAL SYSTEM develops from the..

A

INTERMEDIATE MESODERM

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2
Q

GONADAL DIFFERENTIATION is determined by..

A

the SEX DETERMINING REGION of Y CHROMOSOME (SRY)

/ PRESENCE/ABSENCE of TESTIS DETERMINING REGION

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3
Q

consequence of presence or absence of Y CHROMOSOME

A

XY: TESTES form

XX (no Y): OVARIES form

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4
Q

presence of Y CHROMOSOME means presence of TESTES which produce which hormones

A

TESTOSTERONE and ANTIMULLERIAN HORMONE

  • determine the internal and external ANATOMY and GONADAL DESCENT

Testosterone absence or presence can have an effect on the way the BRAIN develops

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5
Q

when do GONADS start to APPEAR and when do they start to DIFFERENTIATE

A

5 WEEKS
differentiate at 6 WEEKS

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6
Q

3 ORIGINS of GONADS

A
  • MESOTHELIUM (mesodermal epithelium)
    lining the posterior abdominal wall / coelom
  • UNDERLYING MESENCHYME (embryonic connective tissue)
    middle layer
  • PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS
    (earliest undifferentiated sex cells that will become oocytes and sperm)
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7
Q

what migrate into the GONADS from the YOLK SAC

A

PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS

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8
Q

what forms the CORTEX

A

LINING of the COELOM

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9
Q

what forms of central part / MEDULLA

A

MESENCYHME (medial mesonephros) projecting into the COELOM as a ridge

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10
Q

MESOTHELIUM projects into the MESENCHYME and forms

A

finger-like projections

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11
Q

GONADAL RIDGE becomes
(6 weeks)

A

OVARIES / TESTES

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12
Q

GERM CELLS become
(6 weeks)

A

SPERMATOCYTES / OOCYTES

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13
Q

PATHWAY from INDIFFERENT GONAD (with Cortex and Medulla) when Y CHROMOSOME is present

A

increase TESTICULAR DETERMINING FACTOR

stimulates DEVELOPMENT of MEDULLA (regression of Cortex)

SERTOLI CELLS and LEYDIG CELLS produced

SERTOLI cells secrete ANTIMULLERIAN HORMONE (AMH)
- SUPPRESSES FORMATION of MULLERIAN DUCTS

LEYDIG cells secrete TESTOSTERONE
- supports development of WOLFIAN DUCTS, EPIDYMIS, VAS DEFERENS, SEMINAL VESICLE, EJACULATORY DUCT

& PROTATE, BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS, PENIS, SCROTUM, BRAIN is MASCULANISED

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14
Q

presence of Y CHROMOSOME INCREASES what

A

TDF
- TESTICULAR DETERMINING FACTOR

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15
Q

result of TDF INCREASE

A

DEVELOPMENT of MEDULLA

CORTEX REGRESSES

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16
Q

result of MEDULLA DEVELOPMENT in GONADS

A

LEYDIG and SARTOLI CELLS produced

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17
Q

SARTOLI CELLS produce what HORMONE and what does it do

A

AMH
ANTIMULLERIAN HORMONE

  • SUPPRESSES DEVELOPMENT of MULLERIAN DUCTS (female)
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18
Q

LEYDIG CELLS produce what HORMONE

A

TESTOSTERONE

19
Q

EFFECT of TDF of PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS

A

DIFFERENTIATE into SPERMATOGONIA

(-> SPERMATOZOA at puberty)

20
Q

2 effects of TDF (TESTICULAR DETERMINING FACTOR)

A
  • MEDULLA DEVELOPMENT
  • primordial germ cells become SPERMATOGONIA which become SPERMATOZOA
21
Q

PATHWAY of INDIFFERENT GONADS with NO Y CHROMOSOME (female)

A

NO TDF

CORTEX DEVELOPS
Medulla regresses

production of THECA and GRANULOSA CELLS

ABSENCE of TESTOSTERONE

Internal: OVIDUCTS, UTERUS, CERVIX, VAGINA (part)
External: CLITORIS, LABIA M
AJORA, LABIA MINORA, BRAIN NOT MASCULANISED

also NO TDF on PRIMORDAL GERM CELLS
-> OOGONIA
-> OOCYTES

22
Q

EFFECT of NO TDF on PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS

A

DIFFERENTIATE to become OOGONIA which become OOCYTES

23
Q

finger-like PROJECTIONS of the EPITHELIUM (/ of the cortex into the medulla) are known as the

A

SEX CORDS

24
Q

TESTES DEVELOPMENT
what do the SEX CORDS become

A

SEMINIFEROUS CORDS
(lose their connection with surface epithelium)

develop into SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, RETE TESTIS and TUBILI RECTI

25
Q

TESTES DEVELOPMENT
what are the WALLS of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES composed of

A
  • SPERMATOGONIA (primordial sperm cells derived from primordial germ cells)
  • SERTOLI CELLS (MOST of the seminiferous epithelium in the foetal testis)
26
Q

TESTES DEVELOPMENT
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES remain SOLID until..

A

they DEVELOP a LUMEN at PUBERTY

27
Q

TESTES DEVELOPMENT
WHEN do the LEYDIG CELLS (BETWEEN SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES) secrete TESTOSTERONE (masculine differentiation)

A

WEEK 8

28
Q

TESTES DEVELOPMENT
what is TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION STIMULATED by

A

HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN

29
Q

TESTES DEVELOPMENT
when does TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION stimulated by HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN PEAK

A

8TH-12TH WEEK

30
Q

TESTES DEVELOPMENT
SERTOLI CELLS produce AMH until..

A

PUBERTY

31
Q

when do OVARIES START to DIFFERENTIATE

A

12 WEEKS

32
Q

OVARY DEVELOPMENT
what do PRIMORIAL GERM CELLS become and what do these consist of

A

PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES
consisting of OOGONIA (derived from primordial germ cells)

33
Q

OVARY DEVELOPMENT
PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES are surrounded by a LAYER of..

A

FOLLICULAR CELLS derived from the SURFACE EPITHELIUM

34
Q

OVARY DEVELOPMENT
thick CORDS that extend from the epithelium are known as… and what do they do

A

CORTICAL CORDS

PUSH INTO the UNDERLYING MESENCHYME
meet PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS

-> break up into Clusters : PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES

35
Q

OVARY DEVELOPMENT
PRIMARY/PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES are made up of

A

OOGONIA
and
FOLLICULAR CELLS (derived from cortical cords/surface epithelium)

36
Q

OVARY DEVELOPMENT
when do OOGONIA stop forming (mitosis)

A

from BIRTH

37
Q

TESTES DESCENT is brought about by the

A

SHORTENING of the GUBERNACULUM (connects testes to scrotum) as the foetus grows

38
Q

When does DESCENT of TESTIS, epididymis and gubernaculum start

A

WEEK 23

39
Q

at what point in Gestation do the TESTES PASS OUT through the anterior abdominal wall

A

23-30 WEEKS

40
Q

as TESTES pass OUTSIDE what FORMS

A

INGUINAL CANAL

41
Q

when are the TESTES in their FINAL POSITION in SCROTUM

A

between 28-32 WEEKS

42
Q

In the presence of TDF/SRY which gene is switched ON

A

SOX9
on chromosome 17

43
Q

Which gene is ACTIVATED when XX but silenced when XY

A

WNT4

UROGENITAL (19 decks)

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