Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

UROGENITAL > 03. Anatomy of the bladder, urethra and internal gonads (HARC) > Flashcards

03. Anatomy of the bladder, urethra and internal gonads (HARC) Flashcards

1
Q

the URINARY BLADDER is a hollow, muscular organ in which area

A

ANTERIOR PELVIC CANVITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

SURFACES of the BLADDER

A

SUPERIOR surface
POSTERIOR surface aka BASE
2x INFEROLATERAL surfaces (come together)
APEX (connected to umbilicus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

SUPERIOR SURFACE of BLADDER is covered in..

A

PERITONEUM (thin sheet of tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

BLADDER tubes

A

2x URETERS (from kidney)
URETHRA (out)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Majority of INTERNAL BLADDER is LINED by..

A

DETRUSOR MUSCLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DETRUSOR MUSCLE that lines internal walls of BLADDER is controlled by which NERVOUS SYSTEM activity

A

PARASYMPATHETIC nervous system
- AUTONOMIC nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what type of muscle is DETRUSOR MUSCLE that lines internal BLADDER

A

INVOLUNTARY SMOOTH MUSCLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the only part of the BLADDER that is NOT lined by Detrusor muscle

A

TRIGONE - the space between the 3 openings (ureters and urethra)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

does the TRIGONE of the bladder (space between 3 openings) expand/shrink when the bladder fills/empties

A

NO
does NOT EXPAND/SHRINK when BLADDER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CAPACITY of BLADDER

A

approx 400ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the NECK of the BLADDER (INFERIOR) NARROWS to form the..

A

URETHRA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the 2 URETHRAL SPHINCTERS

A

INTERAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER (more superior, closer to bladder)

EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER (inferior, last point that stops urine leaving the body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

part of the URETHRA where URINE leaves the body from

A

EXTERNAL URETHRAL ORIFICE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

DIFFERENCE between INTERNAL and EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTERS

INTERNAL:
type of muscle?
nervous system?

A

difference in CONTROL

  • SMOOTH MUSCLE (INVOLUNTARY)
  • controlled by AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM - SYMPATHETIC stimulation through HYPOGASTRIC NERVES keep it closed
  • NO CONTROL OVER IT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

DIFFERENCE between INTERNAL and EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTERS

EXTERNAL:
type of muscle?
nervous system?

A

CONTROL OVER IT

  • SKELETAL MUSCLE (VOLUNTARY)
  • SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM control by PUDENAL NERVE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

INTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER uses which NERVES to keep it closed

A

sends SYMPATHETIC stimulation through HYPOGASTRIC NERVES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTERS have SOMATIC CONTROL using which NERVES

A

PUDENAL NERVES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

STEPS of MICTURITION (urine being expelled)

A
  1. BLADDER SLOWLY FILLS with URINE
    NO change in pressure due to elastic walls and inhibition of parasympathetic activity until THRESHOLD
  2. URETHRAL SPHINCTERS RELAX (so urine can pass)
    Internal relax by Parasympathetic NS
    External relax by Somatic
  3. DETRUSOR CONTRACTS (squeezes bladder)
    Parasympathetic ANS fibres originate from PELVIC SPLANCHNIC NERVES (S2-S4)
  4. BLADDER IS VOIDED INTO URETHRA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

in MICTURITION the URETHRAL SPHINCTERS RELAX by which nervous systems

A

INTERNAL: PARASYMPATHETIC
EXTERNAL: SOMATIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

when DETRUSOR CONTRACTS in MICTURITION the PARASYMPATHETIC ANS fibres ORIGINATE from which NERVES and which area

A

PELVIS SPLANCHNIC NERVES (S2-S4)

(splanchnic = ‘organ’)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

mechanism of MICTURITION is by… controlled by …

A

SPINAL REFLEX controlled by HIGHER BRAIN CENTRES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

in MICTURITION :
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVES come from which spinal nerves

A

S2, S3, S4

S2-S4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

in MICTURITION:
how are the GANGLIA of PARASYMPATHETIC NERVES

A

GANGLIA CLOSE to the TARGET muscle - DETRUSOR muscle

(long fibre, ganglia, short fibre)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

in MICTURITION:
SYMPATHETIC NERVES come from which spinal nerves

A

L1 L2 L3

L1-L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

in MICTURITION:
SYMPATHETIC NERVES (L1-L3) TRAVEL via … plexus

A

HYPOGASTRIC PLEXUS

26
Q

in MICTURITION:
SOMATIC NERVES come from which spinal nerves

A

S2, S3, S4

S2-S4

27
Q

in MICTURITION:
SOMATIC NERVES used are

A

PUDENAL NERVES

28
Q

4 PARTS of the MALE URETHRA

A
  1. INTRAMURAL aka PRE-PROSTATIC
    ‘within the walls of the organ’
    where bladder narrows at neck, surrounded by Internal Urethral Sphincter
  2. PROSTATIC
    within prostate (below bladder)
  3. MEMBRANOUS
    within DEEP PERINEAL SPACE, passing through Perineal Membrane
  4. PENILE aka SPONGY
    within corpus spongiosum of penis
29
Q

role of DUCTUS DEFERENS / VAS DEFERENS (male)

A

bring SPERMATOZOA FROM TESTIS

30
Q

role of SEMINAL VESICLE (Accessory Gland)
(male)

A

PRODUCE 70% SEMINAL FLUID

31
Q

(male) EJACULATORY DUCT is the UNION of..

A

DUCTUS DEFERENS and SEMINAL VESICLE

passes through Prostate, directly INTO URETHRA

32
Q

(male) role of PROSTATE GLAND (accessory gland)

A

PRODUCES 25% of SEMINAL FLUID

33
Q

where is the PROSTATE (single accessory gland) and what MUSCLE does it sit on

A

SURROUNDS NECK / underside of BLADDER
(inferior)

SITS ON LEVATOR ANI of the PELVIC FLOOR

34
Q

characteristics of the SPECIALISED SEMINAL FLUID PRODUCED by the PROSTATE (3)

A
  • ZINC-RICH to STABILISE DNA
  • NUTRITIVE to spermatozoa
  • ALKALINE to neutralise Vaginal pH
35
Q

why is the SEMINAL FLUID of the PROSTATE ZINC-RICH

A

to STABILISE DNA

36
Q

5 LOBES of the PROSTATE:

A

ANTERIOR
POSTERIOR
2X LATERAL
MEDIAN (centre) (behind urethra and ejaculatory ducts)

37
Q

where does the FEMALE URETHRA BEGIN and END

A

begin: INTERNAL URETHRAL ORIFICE (where neck of bladder narrows)

end: EXTERNAL URETHRAL ORIFICE

38
Q

approx LENGTH of FEMALE URETHRA

A

4cm

39
Q

what do URETHRA in male and female pass through

A

pass through DEEP PERINEAL SPACE / POUCH and pierces PERINEAL MEMBRANE

40
Q

what does URETHRA CONSIST of (outer and inner)

A

OUTER MUSCULAR COAT
and INTERNAL MUCOSA

41
Q

URETHRA has an ABUNDANCE of … to accomodate PASSAGE of URINE

A

ELASTIC FIBRES

42
Q

POSITION of FEMALE URETHRA in relation to VAGINA

A

ANTERIOR to VAGINA

(posterior to pubis)

43
Q

VAGINA and female URETHRA have a COMMON MUSCLE to SUPPORT both called

A

SPHINCTER URETHROVAGINALIS

44
Q

female URETHRA and vagina are held in place by..

A

PELVIC FASCIAL LIGAMENTS
and MUSCLES

45
Q

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT is INTERNAL and consists of

A

OVARIES
UTERUS
VAGINA

(& external genitalia)

46
Q

GONADS are ORIGINALLY at level of..

A

L1

(ovarian artery/ gonadal artery arises from aorta at L1)

47
Q

GONADS are connected to LABIOSCROTAL SWELLING (differentiate into labia or scrota) by

A

GUBERNACULUM

48
Q

as the GUBERNACULUM REGRESSES what happens to the GONAD in FEMALES

A

pulled INFERIORLY
and SETTLES in PELVIS

49
Q

OVARIES CHANGE APPEARANCE throughout life

Before Puberty:
Post-Puberty:
Post-Menopause:

A

Before Puberty: SMOOTH

Post-Puberty: progressively SCARRED with menstruation

Post-Menopause: SMALLER and PITTED

50
Q

where do OVARIES lie

A

in OVARIAN FOSSA on the LATERAL WALL of PELVIS

(mobile during pregnancy)

51
Q

how can you get Ectopic Pregnancies

A

due to the space between the ovary and the fimbrae of the uterine tube

52
Q

what does the UTERUS consist of

A
  • UTERINE TUBE
  • FUNDUS (opposite the opening, top of uterus)
  • UTERINE CAVITY (hollow centre)
  • BODY (main wall)
  • CERVIX
53
Q

2 OPENINGS of the CERVIX

A

INTERNAL OS: opens into Uterus

EXTERNAL OS: opens into Vagina

CANAL between the 2 OS

54
Q

VAGINA lies between the..

A

Urethra (anterior)

Rectum (posterior)

55
Q

what is the VAGINA

A

MUSCULAR TUBE connects Vulva to Uterus

56
Q

approx LENGTH of VAGINAL CANAL

A

8cm

HALF ABOVE PELVIC FLOOR
HALF BELOW PELVIC FLOOR

57
Q

there are 4 FORNICES (space) around the CERVIX (surrounding the external os)

A

ANTERIOR
POSTERIOR
2 LATERAL

58
Q

how is the NORMAL ORIENTATION (position) of the UTERUS (2 terms)

A

ANTEVERSION
Uterus tilted POSTERIORLY at the CERVIS (cervix is tilted anteriorly against the axis of the vagina)

ANTEFLEXION
Uterine body FOLDED ANTERIORLY over the superior surface of the BLADDER

59
Q

what is the BROAD LIGAMENT

A

SHEET of PERITONEUM draped over the TOP of the UTERUS, UTERINE TUBES, OVARIES

Continues over the BLADDER ANTERIORLY and RECTUM POSTERIOR (then goes up and covers all abdominal organs)

60
Q

the BROAD LIGAMENT (draping of the sheet of peritoneum over organs) CREATES 2 RECESSES:

A
  • RECTOUTERINE POUCH (between rectum & uterus)
  • VESICOUTERINE POUCH (between bladder & uterus)

FLUID COLLECTS in them and can cause infection spread (MOST DEPENDENT part of cavity)

UROGENITAL (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions