6.1.3: Carboxylic acids and esters Flashcards
What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid?
-COOH (C=O and C-OH)
How do you name carboxylic acids?
-oic acid
Are carboxylic acids soluble in water? Why? What
influences their solubility
Yes. Acid group can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules
What are the intermolecular forces in carboxylic
acids?
Hydrogen bonds in solid state - very strong.
What are esters (what are they formed from)?
Functional group, general formula?
Formed from carboxylic acids and alcohols.
RCOOR’ (C=O, C-O-C)
Write an equation for the reaction of ethanoic acid with propan-1-ol
CH3COOH + CH3CH2CH2OH → CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 + H2O
How do you name esters?
Start with the alcohol group that has replaced the hydrogen, then acid part e.g. propyl (from alcohol) ethanoate (from carboxylic acid)
What characteristic physical properties do esters
have?
Volatile, pleasant fruity smells e.g. apple, pear
drops
What are some uses of esters?
Flavourings, perfumes (both for longer chains), solvents (short chains), plasticisers
How could you distinguish carboxylic acids from other -OH containing compounds?
Add NaHCO3, acids will produce sodium salt, water and carbon dioxide.
Write an equation for the reaction of ethanoic acid
with NaOH.
CH3COOH + NaOH → H2O + CH3COO-Na+
Write an equation for the reaction of ethanoic acid
with Na2CO3
2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 → 2CH3COO-Na+ + H2O + CO2
Write an equation for the reaction of ethanoic acid with
calcium oxide
2CH3COOH + CaO → (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O
What catalyst is needed for the formation of esters
from alcohols and carboxylic acids?
Concentrated strong acid e.g. H2SO4
What catalyst is needed for the hydrolysis of esters?
Dilute strong acid e.g. H2SO4