5.1.1: How fast? Flashcards

1
Q

Define rate of reaction

A

Change in concentration of a reactant or

a product per unit time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

At a given instant, how could you calculate the rate of reaction?

A

Rate of reaction = change in concentration of reactants or products / time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If the order is zero with respect to a reactant, what does that mean?

A

Changing the concentration of the reactant has no effect on the rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the effect on rate in a first order reaction?

A

Rate is directly proportional to the concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the effect on rate in a second order reaction?

A

Change in rate = change in concentration squared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Write a generic rate equation and state what each term means

A

Rate = k [X]x [Y]y;
k = rate constant for the reaction
[X] and [Y] are concentrations of species X and Y respectively
x and y are the orders of reaction with respect to X and Y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Do zero order reactants appear on rate equation? Why?

A

No, because they don’t have an effect on

the rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is overall order of a reaction calculated?

A

Sum of individual orders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How would you calculate the units of the rate constant?

A

Units of rate are mol dm-3s-1 and units of concentration are mol dm-3
Rearrange rate equation to get k=
Sub in units and cancel them out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When the overall order is 3, what would be the units for rate constant?

A

dm6 mol-2 s-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How could you measure the rate of reaction experimentally (different methods)?

A

Use a colorimeter at suitable intervals if there is a
colour change.
If gas is evolved, use a gas syringe to collect
volume of gas evolved, or measure the change in
mass of the reaction mixture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does half life mean?

A

The time taken for concentration of a reactant to decrease by half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the symbol for half life?

A

t1/2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the relationship between first order reactions and half life?

A

First order reactants have constant half lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the equation that is used to determine rate constant using half life in a first order reaction?

A

k = ln2 / t1/2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How would you draw a rate concentration graph?

A

Plot [A] against time, draw tangents at different values → draw a secondary graph of rate against [A]

17
Q

What is the relationship between rate and time?

A

Rate ∝ 1/t

18
Q

How to determine the rate constant from a rate concentration graph of first order?

A

k = rate / concentration

19
Q

What is rate determining step?

A

The slowest step in a reaction with multiple steps

20
Q

How does the rate determining step link to the species involved in the rate equation?

A

Any species involved in the rate determining step
appear in the rate equation. Species only involved
after the rate determining step do not appear in the
rate equation

21
Q

For a reactant in the rate equation, what indicates how many molecules of that reactant are involved in the rate determining step?

A

The order of the reactant

22
Q

The rate equation of a reaction is rate = k[NO]2

How many molecules of NO will be present in the rate determining equation?

A

2

23
Q

What affects the value of the rate constant for a given reaction?

A

Temperature, nothing else

24
Q

What is the effect of a 10℃ temperature increase on the rate of reaction, roughly?

A

Doubles rate of reaction

25
Q

What is the Arrhenius equation? What does each term mean?

A
k = Ae(to the power of(−E/RT))
k= rate constant for reaction
A= pre exponential factor (number of collisions between reactant molecules)
e= mathematical quantity
R= gas constant
T= temperature in kelvin
E= activation energy for reaction in joules
26
Q

How can you convert the Arrhenius equation into a useful form for plotting a graph?

A

ln k= -Ea/RT + ln A
Graph of lnk against 1/T is a straight line:
gradient = -EA/R and y intercept is lnA