4.1.3: Alkenes Flashcards
What are alkenes?
Unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one C=C bond made up of a ๐ bond and a ๐ bond
What is the general formula of alkenes?
CnH2n
How is a ๐ bond formed?
Electrons in the adjacent p orbitals overlap above and below the carbon atoms. They can only be made after a ๐ bond is formed
What bond restricts the rotation of carbon atoms?
๐ bond
What is the angle and shape of a double bond?
Trigonal planar
120ยฐ
Are they more or less reactive than alkanes? Why?
More reactive due to high electron density of double bond and the fact the pi-bond is slightly easier to break
What intermolecular forces of attraction do they have?
Only London forces due to non-polar bonds
Are they soluble in water? Why?
No, non-polar bonds
Write an equation for the complete combustion of pent-2-ene.
CH3CH=CHCH2CH3 + 7ยฝO2 โ 5CO2 + 5H2O
What are the types of isomers that can be formed using alkenes?
E/Z isomers - due to the restricted rotation
Cis-trans isomers - if two of the same substituents are attached to each carbon
What is an electrophile?
Species that are electron pair acceptors
What is the most stable type of carbocation intermediate? Why?
Alkyl groups have a positive inductive effect, so the most stable carbocation is the one bonded to the most other carbon atoms i.e. A tertiary carbocation
Major products will be formed from which kinds of carbocations?
Tertiary (or the most stable available)
What conditions are needed for the electrophilic addition of H2O to an alkene? What is this type of reaction called?
Steam in the presence of an acid catalyst, usually phosphoric acid
Reaction is called hydration
What are the product(s) of the hydration reaction?
An alcohol