6.1 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Flashcards
Cell division ensures
- growth
- repair and replacement of worn/damaged
tissues (e.g., skin cells & RBC)
In every cell division an EXACT copy of its _______ ____________ must be passed on to each _________ ____
genetic information
daughter cell
our cells copy billions of _____ _____ in minutes, with an error rate of less than a
one in a million
base pairs
If DNA is damaged or altered
(mutation), the cells …..
may not function
DNA mutations do occur, but DNA repair mechanisms that operate during ________ keep
mutations levels _________ ____
replication
extremely low
The structure of DNA dictates
the way in which
DNA is replicated
Daughter cell is an exact replica of
The parent cell
Mutation
DNA that is damaged or altered
Does not function as their supposed to
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA carries…
genetic information of all living organisms
Within DNA are…
are instructions needed
to build proteins
DNA is passed from one generation
to the next in the form of…
chromosomes
Proteins are made of
amino acids
Proteins have many roles both
Chemical and physical
E.g., enzymes catalyze all cellular rxns
What gives DNA its acidic properties
Carboxyl functional group gives DNA its acidic properties
When a protein is needed, the….
portion of DNA (the gene) that codes for the protein is activated
The nucleotide sequence is copied (transcribed) into
RNA
RNA moves into the _____ where the sequence is translated by ____________ into _______ ________ ___________
Cytosol
Ribosomes
Amino acid chains (polypeptides)
Polypeptides are then further modified to form…..
functional proteins
Gregor Mendel bred pea plants to understand….
genes & inheritance
What makes proteins
ribosomes
He found “factors” for a given trait were passed from….
parent to offspring
RNA is responsible for
Ribosomes responsible for
transcribing
Making the kind of protein
All new cells arise from the division of…
existing cells,
all the info that is needed for optimal cell functioning is
coded in a cell’s DNA
