1.5 Proteins

Question 1

Proteins

Answer 1

Polymers that have
many subunits (amino acids)
folded into a 3D structure that
determines its function

Question 2

Most diverse group of molecules in living systems

Answer 2

Proteins

There are thousands of different
proteins within your body

Question 3

Protein Composition

Answer 3

Proteins are polymers that are made up of amino acid monomers

Question 4

Amino Acids made up of…

(building blocks of proteins)

Answer 4

A molecule that
consists of a
carboxyl group (COOH), an
amino group (NH2)
and a H atom

Question 5

How many amino Acids are there

Answer 5

There are 20 different types of R Groups and thus 20 different types of amino acids

Differences in the R Groups gives each amino acid different properties

Question 6

Amino Acid (R Groups) can be

Answer 6

R Groups may be positive/negative,
polar/non-polar or may
act as acids/bases

Question 7

Essential Amino Acids

Answer 7

8 Essential Amino Acids

Need to be acquired through diet

Ex. Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine,
Phenylalanine, Tryptophan,
Methionine, Threonine, and
Lysine

Question 8

Non-Essential Amino Acids

Answer 8

12 Non-Essenital amino acids
Amino acids that can be made in
the body

Question 9

Proteins are built by…

Answer 9

Attaching Amino Acids into chains

Question 10

Amino acids are connected by attaching a –NH2

group to a –COOH group by Dehydration Synthesis

The resulting bond is called a…

Answer 10

Peptide Bond

Question 11

Peptide

Answer 11

a term used to describe a chain of amino acids connected with peptide bonds

Question 12

Polypeptide

Answer 12

a peptide with more than 50 amino acids

Question 13

A protein is one or more polypeptides that are folded into

Answer 13

a precise 3D shape

Question 14

Proteins are only functional after..

Answer 14

folding has occurred

Question 15

Primary Protein Structure

Answer 15

Linear sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chain

Changing even ONE amino acid in the chain can alter/destroy the final structure/function of the protein

Question 16

Secondary Protein Structure

Answer 16

The coiling/folding of amino acid chain

Occurs because of hydrogen bonding between different amino acids

Beta-pleated sheet (zig-
zag like pattern) and
Alpha-helix (spiral
pattern) are two
common secondary
structures

Question 17

Tertiary Protein Structure

Answer 17

Folding of the protein into a
3D shape caused by R-group
interactions

Intermolecular reactions (e.g.,
ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds,
etc.) of the R-groups determine the 3D shape
Tertiary structure is critical to
the function of proteins,
especially enzymes

Question 18

Quaternary Structure

Answer 18

Linking several separate
polypeptide chains
together

E.g., hemoglobin is made
of 4 polypeptides

Question 19

Protein Prosthetic Groups

Answer 19

Proteins can also bond with non-protein structures, called prosthetic groups, in order to
function

Many enzymes require prosthetic groups that
contain metal ions to function