6.1 Study Guide Flashcards
What is the definition of an isomer?
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures.
What are the differences between isomers?
They have different chemical properties and different biological functions.
What are monomers?
Singles pieces that make up polymers.
What are Polymers?
Multiple monomers joined together.
Describe what happens in dehydration synthesis.
Dehydration synthesis joins two monomers by taking out H2O. One monomer gives OH and another gives H, forming an extra water molecule. This requires energy and enzymes.
Describe what happens in hydrolysis.
H2O is used to cleave off one monomer at a time. Water is split into OH and H, which attach to the enzymes. This requires enzymes but RELEASES energy.
What is the name of the OH group? What about the polarity?
Hydroxyl, polar.
What is the name of the COOH group? Polarity?
Carboxyl, acidic and negative.
What is the name of the SH group? Polarity?
Sulfhydril, slightly polar.
What is the name of the PO4 group? Polarity?
Phosphate, negative
What is a functional group that is nonpolar?
Methyl (CH3)
What is a functional group that is positive?
Amino (NH2)
What are the functional groups that are all the way polar?
Hydroxyl (OH), Carbonyl (COH), and Carboxyl (COOH).
