6.1 Digestion And Absorption

Question 1

Ingestion

Answer 1

Eating

Question 2

Digestion

Answer 2

Breaking down large macromolecules by enzymes

Question 3

Absorption

Answer 3

Into blood capillaries and muscle tissue

- big to small molecules

Question 4

Assimilation

Answer 4

Turning micromolecules into macromolecules

• small to big

Question 5

Alimentary canal

Answer 5

Tube from mouth to anus

Question 6

Support organs

Answer 6

Salivary glands
Liver
Goll bladder
Pancreas
Appendix

Question 7

Label digestive system

Answer 7

A) mouth
B) pharynx
C) esophagus
D) stomach
E) small intestine
F) large intestine
G) rectum
H) anus
I) salivary glands
J) liver
K) Goll bladder
L) pancreas

Question 8

Small intestine

Answer 8

Digest most macromolecules with enzymes into monomers to be absorbed through Villi into blood capillaries (Villi SA/V ratio)

Cellulose does not get digested (into large intestine with waste)

2 layers of muscle (circular and longitudinal) mix mix food with enzymes

Question 9

Liver

Answer 9

Has 2 lobes

Recycle red blood cells and produce bile into the Goll bladder

Bile does fat emulsification by breaking lipids into smaller parts

Question 10

Pancreas produces

Answer 10

Secretes enzymes into lumen of small intestine

Produces amylase, lipase, endopeptidase

Amylase = 1 to 4 glucose bonds

Amylopectin = 1 to 4 AND 1 to 6 glucose bonds

Question 11

Salivary amylase

Answer 11

Produced in salivary glands

Turns starch into maltose

Question 12

Pancreatic lipase

Answer 12

Turns triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerole

Question 13

Maltase

Answer 13

Turns maltose into glucose

Question 14

Glucosidase

Answer 14

Turns maltriose into glucose

Question 15

Dextrinase

Answer 15

Dextrin into glucose

Question 16

Lacteal

Answer 16

Carries lipids to lymphatic system

From small intestine

Question 17

Villi in small intestine

Answer 17

Absorb monomers, mineral ions, vitamins formed by digestion

Question 18

Modes of transportation

Answer 18

Cotransportstion = facilitated diffusion for glucose through membrane

Facilitated diffusion = down concentration gradient

Simple diffusion = straight through bilayer

Active transport = sodium potassium pump

Exocytisis = cell eating ( lipids into lacteals through Villi)

Question 19

Structure of the Small Intestine

Answer 19

1. Serosa – a protective outer covering composed of a layer of cells reinforced by fibrous connective tissue
2. Muscle layer – outer layer of longitudinal muscle (peristalsis) and inner layer of circular muscle (segmentation)
3. Submucosa – composed of connective tissue separating the muscle layer from the innermost mucosa
4. Mucosa – a highly folded inner layer which absorbs material through its surface epithelium from the intestinal lumen