1.6 Cell Division Flashcards
Cell Life-Cycle
Mutagens
An agent that changes the genetic materal of an organism forming primary and secondary tumours
Oncogenes
A gene that has potential to cause cancer after mutating
Metastasis
The spread of cancer from one location to another forming another tumor
Cyclins
Family of regulatory proteins that control the progression of the cell cycle
Binds to enzymes called cyclin-dependent kenesis (CKD)
Mitosis
PMAT + C
Prophase:
- Nuclear membrane dissolves
- DNA Supercoils and chromosomes are visible
Metaphase:
- Chromosomes line up along the equator
- Spindle fibres grow from centrosomes at poles and attach to the sister chromosomes at the centromere.
Anaphase:
- Splitting of the chromosomes
- Spindle fibers pull sister chromosomes to poles
Telophase:
- Chromosomes uncoil
- membrane reforms
Cytokenesis:
- Cell pinches to form 2 haploid daughter cells.
Interphase
Growth 1:
- First phase of growth where new organelles form
- Everything but chromosomes replicate
Synthesis:
- All 46 Chromosomes are replicated
Growth 2:
- Cells finish growing
- Preperation for mitosis and cell division
Mitotic Index
- Only count the cells with visible nuclei
The correlation between smoking and incidence of cancers.
- strong positive correlation between the frequency of smoking and the development of cancer
- ~90% of lung cancers attributable to tobacco use
- Smoking also increases the risk of over a dozen other cancers, including mouth, stomach, liver, panceas and bowel