1.6 Cell Division Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell Life-Cycle

A
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2
Q

Mutagens

A

An agent that changes the genetic materal of an organism forming primary and secondary tumours

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3
Q

Oncogenes

A

A gene that has potential to cause cancer after mutating

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4
Q

Metastasis

A

The spread of cancer from one location to another forming another tumor

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5
Q

Cyclins

A

Family of regulatory proteins that control the progression of the cell cycle
Binds to enzymes called cyclin-dependent kenesis (CKD)

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6
Q

Mitosis

A

PMAT + C

Prophase:
- Nuclear membrane dissolves
- DNA Supercoils and chromosomes are visible

Metaphase:
- Chromosomes line up along the equator
- Spindle fibres grow from centrosomes at poles and attach to the sister chromosomes at the centromere.

Anaphase:
- Splitting of the chromosomes
- Spindle fibers pull sister chromosomes to poles

Telophase:
- Chromosomes uncoil
- membrane reforms

Cytokenesis:
- Cell pinches to form 2 haploid daughter cells.

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7
Q

Interphase

A

Growth 1:
- First phase of growth where new organelles form
- Everything but chromosomes replicate

Synthesis:
- All 46 Chromosomes are replicated

Growth 2:
- Cells finish growing
- Preperation for mitosis and cell division

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8
Q

Mitotic Index

A
  • Only count the cells with visible nuclei
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9
Q

The correlation between smoking and incidence of cancers.

A
  • strong positive correlation between the frequency of smoking and the development of cancer
  • ~90% of lung cancers attributable to tobacco use
  • Smoking also increases the risk of over a dozen other cancers, including mouth, stomach, liver, panceas and bowel
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