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Bio IB > 2.1 & 2.3 Molecules to Metabolism, Carbohydrates and Lipids > Flashcards

2.1 & 2.3 Molecules to Metabolism, Carbohydrates and Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Covalent bonding

A

1 or more elements sharing electrons

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2
Q

Ionic bonding

A

Electrons are given not shared by elements

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3
Q

Metabolism

A

The web of all the enzyme catalysed reactions

All the enzyme catalysed reactions taking place in your body

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4
Q

Anabolism

A

The synthesis of molecules in organisms from smaller ones (Building)

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5
Q

Catabolism

A

The breakdown of molecules in an organism to form simplar ones (Building)

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6
Q

Urea

A

The breakdown of excess amino acids into nitrogen which is excreeted in urine.

A Compound

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7
Q

Saccharide

A

A Sugar

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8
Q

Atom

A

Smallest - Electron

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9
Q

Element

A

Carbon, Hydrogen

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10
Q

Molecule

A

More than one atom that has been covalently bonded together. O2

Cannot be a metal + Non metal

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11
Q

Compound

A

More than one element that has been chemically bonded together. CO2

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12
Q

Cation

A

Positively charged, Lose electrons

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13
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged, Gains electrons

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14
Q

Macromolecule

A

Big molecules

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15
Q

Polymer

A

Many monosaccharides bonded together

Polysaccharide - Many monosaccharaides

  • Starch (Storage of glucose in plants)
  • Glycogen (Storage of glucose in animals)
  • Cellulose (Structural component of cell walls in plants)
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16
Q

Monomer

A

Individual proteins that form polymers

Monosaccharide - Simple sugars

17
Q

Disaccharide

A

2 monosaccharides

  • Lactose (Mammary glands)
  • Sucrose (Green plants from glucose & fructose)
  • Maltose (Starch broken into a disaccharide)
18
Q

Glucose

A

2 ‘D’ Isomers - Alpha and Beta

Alpha is OH facing down

Beta is OH facing up

(OH = Hydroxyl group)

2x glucose forms maltose

19
Q

Ribose vs Deoxyribose

A

Ribose has 1 more oxygen

20
Q

Condensation reaction

A

Builds molecules forming water as a product

21
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A

Breaks molecules down using water

22
Q

Cellulose vs Starch vs Glycogen

Amylose vs Amylopectin

A

Cellulose & Amulose bond from 1st to 4th Carbon bond

Glycogen & Amylopectin bond from 1st to 6th Carbon bond AND 1st to 4th

23
Q

Fatty acids

A

Unsaturated = Cis & Trans fatty acids

Cis = bend

Trans = straight

Saturated = full of H (Do not have a double bond between carbon ‘backbones’)

24
Q

Phospholipids

A

Head & Fatty acid tail

25
Q

LDL vs HDL

Low vs High density lipoproteins

A

LDL raise blood cholesterole levels

High blood cholesterole levels causes (CHD) Coronary Heart Disease)

Caused from Trans & saturated fats

Bio IB (46 decks)

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