6. Typhoid Fever

Question 1

Causes

Answer 1

• Salmonella Typhi
• contaminated feces and urine of infected
• fecal-oral route
• direct contact (discharge/excretions from carrier)
• indirect (ingestion of contaminated food and water)

Question 2

Clinical Manifestations

Answer 2

• fever
• abdominal cramps
• bradycardia
• constipation/diarrhoea
• pea soup diarrhoea

Question 3

Complications

Answer 3

• intestinal haemorrhage and perforation
• tympanitis
• acute myocarditis
• bronchopneumonia
• parotitis

Question 4

Diagnostic Tests

Answer 4

• Blood C&S
• WWF to detect antibodies
• FBC to check WBC count
• feces and urine C&S

Question 5

Treatments

Answer 5

• antibiotics (amoxicillin, chloromycetin)
• antipyretic
• vitamins
• corticosteroids
• maintain fluid balance

Question 6

Management

Answer 6

• isolation nursing
• rest
• diet (soft diet)
• IV therapy (maintain fluid and electrolyte balance)
• monitor vitals (BP, TPR)