5. Cholera

Question 1

Causes

Answer 1

• Vibrio Cholera bacteria (gram negative)
• faeces and vomitus
• fecal-oral
• contaminated food

Question 2

Clinical Manifestations

Answer 2

• sudden onset vomiting
• diarrhoea
• abdominal cramps
• dehydration

Question 3

Complications

Answer 3

• hypovolemic shock
• severe dehydration
• severe electrolyte imbalance
• renal failure
• death

Question 4

Diagnostic Tests

Answer 4

• history taking
• stool culture for vibrio cholera
• rectal swab for vibrio cholera
• ELISA for rotavirus
• BUSE for dehydration

Question 5

Management

Answer 5

• ORS to correct fluid and electrolyte loss
• IV therapy (Ringers Lactate/ Normal Saline)
• antibiotics
• after complete antibiotics, rectal swab 3 days