6. Talent, Expertise and Learning Flashcards
Why is it difficult to quantify how important talent has been for the performance
nobody knows the ideal mix of traits needed for success
Talent without interest, motivation and persistence is not worth much
What are three examples of the definition of talent
- better than the rest
- learning faster
- innate abilities
three arguments why importance of talent is overrated
Training is stronger predictor
Untalented players regularely reach top
Nobody knows idela mix of traits needed for success
How was the 10000 hour rule found and how does it apply in sports
It was found in a study using musicians of different age
In sports you need less hours (5000)
5 Characteristics of deliberate practice
- Requires Effort
- Edge of Ability
- Multiple Repetitions
- Not necessarly fun
(r=.45 for expert performance)
Three Phases of Skill Development
- Cognition Phase (first exploration)
- Associative Phase (learning cause and effect)
- Autonomous Phase (automatic execution)
What is chunking and how was the importance of chunking for expert performance found
Its using skills sepertely from each other to attend to cues better and merge perception
It was found in a study where beginner and expert basketballers had to report when lights flashed during dribbling
What are the three goals of training according to Wulf
achieve skill level that is accurat
skill level that is autonamtic
enable performance to avoid performance decrements in pressure situatiosn
What is the difference between an external and an internal locus of control for attention
external is focusing on outcome
internal is focusing on process
external is always better for performacne
what is blocked, sequential and random practice
blocked is learning each skill seperately in blocks (better for beginners)
sequential is learning sequences
Random is best for advanced performers
What is self regulation during learning
choosing when to get feedback
it is better for learning
What are the two most important factors in learning
Motivation/Autonomy
Self Efficacy
What is genetic better faster effects and what is genetic more bang for the buck effects
Better faster means that some people learn better or faster than others because of deliberate practice
More bang for bucks means that some people are better at performing competitions than others of the same ability
What is epigenetic growth and what is emergenisis
epigentic growth is when genes are turned on and off
Emergenisis is when multiple genes code one part
What is the renzulli model of giftedness and what is the mönks multifactor model of giftedness
renzulli: Venn diagram with abilities, creativity and task commitment
Mönks is also on the outside with school, peers and family
