6- Stress and Development Flashcards
how are children divided by age ?
infants 0-12 months
toddlers 1-5 years
school-age 5-12 years
what does a normal cortisol cycle look like ?
one peak at awakening
what does a baby’s cortisol cycle look like ?
2 peaks unrelated to time of day
throughout the first year of their life, how does a baby’s cortisol cycle change as seen in salivary amylase? ex 3 months
within 3 months, salivary cortisol levels are significantly higher within 30 minutes of waking compared to 30 minutes before bedtime
how is duration of nap time correlated with cortisol ?
duration of nap time positively correlated with strength of decrease in cortisol
in laboratory settings or stress situations, how do baby cortisol levels look ?
lowered levels of cortisol as compared to home
this is interesting because it’s opposite to adults
what may be the mechanism behind babies having lowered cortisol when stressed ?
a protective factor for the developing child
when are maltreatment rates highest ?
infancy and adolescence
what are the proximal consequences of parental stressors ?
failure to thrive (height, weight, social responsiveness)
what are the distal consequences of parental stressors ?
impaired development, can lead to disruptive behaviors in school, cause depression and increased risk of substance abuse
what is the dose-effect relationship seen in Holocaust survivors ?
0 parents, 1 parent, 2 parents loss
higher and higher cortisol response throughout life
what is the cortisol response to peer neglect in toddlers ?
children in full time daycare showed significant increases in cortisol as day progressed
how are salivary cortisol levels in popular, average, neglected, and rejected children ?
from smallest to biggest:
popular
neglected
average
rejected
what percent of the school population has school phobia ? what is it often misdiagnosed ? what are its symptoms ?
1%
misdiagnosed as separation anxiety
agitation, resistance to school situation
