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Psychology > 15- Stress and Sleep Disorders > Flashcards

15- Stress and Sleep Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the four different stages of sleep ?

A

NREM Stage 1
NREM Stage 2
NREM Stage 3
REM Sleep

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2
Q

how many sleep cycles and of how long do we experience per night ?

A

6 cycles of 90 minutes

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3
Q

what is NREM Stage 1 ? duration, brain waves ?

A

occurs when you first fall asleep
lasts for 10 minutes (5% of total sleep time)
very easy to be woken up
brain goes from alpha waves to theta waves

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4
Q

what is NREM Stage 2 ? duration, brain waves ?

A

30-60 minutes (50% of total sleep time)

delta waves

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5
Q

what is NREM Stage 3 ? duration, brain waves ?

A

20-30 minutes in first cycle of sleep and then less and less
20% of total sleep time

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6
Q

what is the hardest stage to wake up from ?

A

NREM stage 3 (deep sleep)

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7
Q

what is the final stage in the sleep cycle ?

A

REM

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8
Q

what are physiological characteristics of REM sleep ?

A

HR, breathing, BP fluctuate

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9
Q

what is the muscle movement in REM sleep ?

A

muscle twitching and paralysis, rapid eye movement

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10
Q

what is the brain pattern in REM sleep ?

A

fast pattern

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11
Q

what stage of sleep does dreaming occur in ?

A

REM

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12
Q

why can’t you act out your dreams ?

A

muscles are paralyzed

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13
Q

how does REM sleep progress throughout the night ?

A

in first sleep cycle REM can be a few minutes but then in last cycle can last up to an hour

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14
Q

REM sleep accounts for what percentage of sleep time ?

A

25

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15
Q

what is the circadian rhythm?

A

biological clock that helps control sleep/wake cycle, timing of sleep patterns and duration of sleep

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16
Q

what is the Restoration Sleep Theory by Zager ?

A

that the proper functioning of our immune system is dependent on sleep

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17
Q

what are the two Ontogenesis Sleep Theory ?

A

Morrisey: REM sleep prevents apoptosis in developing brain and therefore allows for brain development

Marks: REM sleep helps with brain maturation through neural activity

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18
Q

how does sleep affect memory ?

A

sleep deprivation hinders working memory

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19
Q

what are the three categories of sleep disorders ?

A

1- dyssomnia
2- parasomnia
3- sleep disorders associated with mental/neurologic disorders

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20
Q

what is dyssomnia ?

A

disorder that produce either difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep

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21
Q

what are the three types of dyssomnias ?

A

intrinsic, extrinsic, circadian rhythm

22
Q

what is parasomnia ?

A

disorders that intrude into the sleep process

23
Q

what are parasomnia manifestations of ?

A

CNS activation during sleep

24
Q

what are the four types of parasomnias ?

A

arousal disorders, sleep-wake transition disorders, parasomnias in REM sleep, other

25
Q

what are the three characteristics of mild insomnia ?

A

almost nightly insufficient sleep, very little/no social impairment, sometimes irritability and daytime fatigue

26
Q

what are the three characteristics of moderate insomnia ?

A

nightly insufficient sleep, mild-moderate social impairment, always rritability and daytime fatigue

27
Q

what are the three characteristics of severe insomnia ?

A

nightly insufficient sleep, severe social impairment, severe irritability and daytime fatigue

28
Q

what does psychophysiologic insomnia develop from ?

A

somatized tension and learned sleep preventing associations, also a preoccupation with not being able to sleep

29
Q

what proportion of insomniacs have psychophysiologic insomnia ?

A

15%

30
Q

what is hypersomnia ?

A

periods of extreme somnolence, 18-20 hrs/day
can last several days to several weeks
more common in males

31
Q

what is bruxism ?

A

grinding and clenching teeth while sleeping

32
Q

what are the consequences of bruxism ?

A

jaw pain, tooth wear, headaches, personal problems

33
Q

what percent of the population has bruxism ?

A

5%

34
Q

what is sleep enuresis ?

A

bed wetting

35
Q

what is the bidirectional relationship between stress and sleep ?

A

daytime stress and HPA axis activation leads to poor sleep, which leads to increased daytime stress

36
Q

what hormones increase following sleep deprivation?

A

corticosterone and ACTH

37
Q

sleep problems affect how a response to a stressor ?

A

lower cortisol levels

38
Q

in a study by Lauer and Lund where participants watched a film with disturbing content before going to bed, how did that affect sleep ?

A

pre-sleep emotion linked to REM density and duration as well as more interrupted sleep

39
Q

in a study by Germain et al where participants were told they would be evaluated the next day on a public speech, how did that affect sleep ?

A

increase in REM density

40
Q

how does work strain affect sleep ?

A

high strain work worsens the quality of sleep

41
Q

in a study by Rauer et al with married couples, what did they find ?

A

sleep facilitated by feelings of safety, trust and security in partner leads to better sleep.
psychological abuse predicted more sleep problems

42
Q

what is hypersomnia comorbid with ?

A

depression symptoms

43
Q

how is stress related to bruxism ?

A

bruxers have less positive coping strategies, and more anticipated stress for next day

44
Q

how does stress affect bed wetting ?

A

it doesn’t contribute as a primary stress factor, but can make it worse (bladder contractions)

45
Q

what is the personality trait most associated with poor sleep ?

A

neuroticism

46
Q

what is daytime sensitivity to poor sleep ?

A

when you worry about not getting enough sleep (eg in neurotic people)

47
Q

what is the link between neuroticism, conscientiousness, and sleep quality ?

A

neuroticism predicts bad sleep
conscientiousness predicts better sleep

high neuroticism and low conscientiousness individuals reported more social and academic problems

48
Q

what is rumination ?

A

continuously thinking about problems that have occurred

49
Q

what happens in a study where you put high and low ruminators in rumination and distraction conditions ?

A

no difference in distraction condition
in rumination condition, high trait ruminators report more sleep disturbance
low trait ruminators- no difference between conditions

50
Q

what is the relationship between stress and dream content ?

A

stress increases negative dreams

Psychology (19 decks)

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