13- Stress and Diabetes

Question 1

What is diabetes ?

Answer 1

a metabolic disorder caused by a defect in insulin secretion or action resulting in chronic hyperglycemia

Question 2

What organ is usually in dysfunction in diabetes?

Answer 2

the pancreas

Question 3

what cells usually release insulin ?

Answer 3

beta cells of pancreas

Question 4

what is diabetes type I characterized by (what kind of dysfunction)

Answer 4

destruction of beta cells in pancreas, therefore production of insulin is hindered

Question 5

what is needed for survival in diabetes type I ?

Answer 5

insulin injection

Question 6

what age does type I diabetes occur in ?

Answer 6

adolescence

Question 7

what types of diabetes are called insulin dependent or non insulin dependent

Answer 7

insulin dependent : type I

non insulin dependent: type II

Question 8

what kind of dysfunction happens in type II diabetes ?

Answer 8

pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin levels for high blood glucose level

Question 9

what kind of two treatments are needed in type II diabetes ?

Answer 9

lifestyle management and insulin support

Question 10

can DMII become insulin dependent ?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

what effect does SNS have on insulin ?

Answer 11

liver releases glucose into bloodstream and secretion of insulin is decreased in pancreas

Question 12

what is the relationship of cortisol and diabetes ?

Answer 12

cortisol increases blood glucose levels

cortisol causes a blocking effect which means glucose cannot be taken up even with normal or elevated insulin levels

Question 13

what 4 hormones increase in diabetes with stress ?

Answer 13

cortisol, epinephrine, ach, glucagon

Question 14

what hormones decreases in diabetes with stress ?

Answer 14

insulin

Question 15

what family history concordance is there for diabetes type I

Answer 15

50%

Question 16

what family concordance is there for diabetes type II

Answer 16

100%

Question 17

how does environmental stress indirectly affect metabolic control of diabetes type II?

Answer 17

by interfering with diet and treatment compliance

Question 18

what is the connection between type II diabetes and obesity ?

Answer 18

they are twin epidemics

Question 19

what kind of correlation is there between the western diet and type II diabetes development ?

Answer 19

linear

Question 20

what is the western diet ? (4)

Answer 20

red meat
refined carbs
sweets
full fat dairy products

Question 21

what kind of fat is more harmful to fat-induced insulin insensitivity?

Answer 21

saturated

Question 22

how can type II diabetes affect burnout risk ?

Answer 22

there is a 1.84 fold increase of risk of burnout

Question 23

what population is at greater risk of developing type II diabetes ? why? (2 reasons)

Answer 23

african american women

healthier food is more expensive + stress due to lack of resources

Question 24

what is the conservation of resources theory

Answer 24

individuals with less resources may experience more stress in the face of loss because they have less resources to fall back on

Question 25

what factor impacts diabetes management due to social stigma ?

Answer 25

obesity
seen as being under the person’s control, and therefore leads to daily stress and feelings of helplessness. leads to cycle of depression and bad lifestyle choices

Question 26

what did the study with Pima Indians and white ppl doing the math task find ?

Answer 26

Pima= genetic predisposition to diabetes

10 min mental task induced increase in blood glucose levels in Pima Indians but not white counterparts

both groups showed similar neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses

Question 27

what mental illness is often a co-morbidity with diabetes ?

Answer 27

depression

Question 28

how can depression affect weight leading to diabetes, and how can it then make diabetes worse ?

Answer 28

psychotropic medication leads to weight gain in predisposed individuals leading to type II diabetes development

depression also causes abnormal HPA axis functioning leading to glucose dysregulation

THEN, also associated with poorer diabetes related outcomes

Question 29

what variable does 5 sessions of stress management have an impact on in diabetes ?

Answer 29

after 1 year, associated with small (0.5%) reduction in glycated hemoglobin test, which measures glucose levels in blood. this is a significant reduction in risk of microvascular complications