13- Stress and Diabetes Flashcards
What is diabetes ?
a metabolic disorder caused by a defect in insulin secretion or action resulting in chronic hyperglycemia
What organ is usually in dysfunction in diabetes?
the pancreas
what cells usually release insulin ?
beta cells of pancreas
what is diabetes type I characterized by (what kind of dysfunction)
destruction of beta cells in pancreas, therefore production of insulin is hindered
what is needed for survival in diabetes type I ?
insulin injection
what age does type I diabetes occur in ?
adolescence
what types of diabetes are called insulin dependent or non insulin dependent
insulin dependent : type I
non insulin dependent: type II
what kind of dysfunction happens in type II diabetes ?
pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin levels for high blood glucose level
what kind of two treatments are needed in type II diabetes ?
lifestyle management and insulin support
can DMII become insulin dependent ?
yes
what effect does SNS have on insulin ?
liver releases glucose into bloodstream and secretion of insulin is decreased in pancreas
what is the relationship of cortisol and diabetes ?
cortisol increases blood glucose levels
cortisol causes a blocking effect which means glucose cannot be taken up even with normal or elevated insulin levels
what 4 hormones increase in diabetes with stress ?
cortisol, epinephrine, ach, glucagon
what hormones decreases in diabetes with stress ?
insulin
what family history concordance is there for diabetes type I
50%
what family concordance is there for diabetes type II
100%
how does environmental stress indirectly affect metabolic control of diabetes type II?
by interfering with diet and treatment compliance
what is the connection between type II diabetes and obesity ?
they are twin epidemics
what kind of correlation is there between the western diet and type II diabetes development ?
linear
what is the western diet ? (4)
red meat
refined carbs
sweets
full fat dairy products
what kind of fat is more harmful to fat-induced insulin insensitivity?
saturated
how can type II diabetes affect burnout risk ?
there is a 1.84 fold increase of risk of burnout
what population is at greater risk of developing type II diabetes ? why? (2 reasons)
african american women
healthier food is more expensive + stress due to lack of resources
what is the conservation of resources theory
individuals with less resources may experience more stress in the face of loss because they have less resources to fall back on
what factor impacts diabetes management due to social stigma ?
obesity
seen as being under the person’s control, and therefore leads to daily stress and feelings of helplessness. leads to cycle of depression and bad lifestyle choices
what did the study with Pima Indians and white ppl doing the math task find ?
Pima= genetic predisposition to diabetes
10 min mental task induced increase in blood glucose levels in Pima Indians but not white counterparts
both groups showed similar neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses
what mental illness is often a co-morbidity with diabetes ?
depression
how can depression affect weight leading to diabetes, and how can it then make diabetes worse ?
psychotropic medication leads to weight gain in predisposed individuals leading to type II diabetes development
depression also causes abnormal HPA axis functioning leading to glucose dysregulation
THEN, also associated with poorer diabetes related outcomes
what variable does 5 sessions of stress management have an impact on in diabetes ?
after 1 year, associated with small (0.5%) reduction in glycated hemoglobin test, which measures glucose levels in blood. this is a significant reduction in risk of microvascular complications
