19-Addiction

Question 1

what is the proportion of Canadians that will experience addiction during their lifetime ?

Answer 1

1/4

Question 2

what is the proportion of people who need care and don’t receive it ?

Answer 2

2/3

Question 3

what disease affects more people than heart disease

Answer 3

addiction

Question 4

the majority of acute alcohol problems are the result of what ?

Answer 4

average drinkers who drink too much on single drinking occasions

Question 5

what is the main drug of abuse ?

Answer 5

alcohol

Question 6

what is the proportion of males and females who drink alcohol which exceeds the guidelines ?

Answer 6

90% of alcohol by males

85% of alcohol by females

Question 7

what are the two definitions of tolerance ?

Answer 7

the need for an increased amount of a given drug to achieve intoxication or desired effect

or the reduction of a drug’s effect with continued use of the same dose over time

Question 8

what are the two occasions withdrawal happens ?

Answer 8

when a drug is abruptly removed or the dose is significantly decreased

Question 9

what is psychological dependence ?

Answer 9

a state in which stopping or reducing the dose produces non-physical symptoms

Question 10

what is considered the most important defining feature of addiction ?

Answer 10

psychological dependence

Question 11

what is one situation that shows how important psychological dependence is ?

Answer 11

rehab
detox only lasts a couple of days
it is then the psychological dependence that takes a while to leave

Question 12

what are the 5 different models of addiction ?

Answer 12

moral 
disease
social
psychological
biopsychosocial

Question 13

what is the moral model of addiction ? what are its implications for treatment? what are its pros (2) and cons (2) ?

Answer 13

addiction = result of flawed character, therefore healing should be through higher values

the temperance movement and the war on drugs

pros: empowering and appealing to those with a worldview based on right/wrong
cons: judgmental and simplifies the complex nature of addiction

Question 14

what is the disease model of addiction ? treatment implications? pro and con ?

Answer 14

addiction as a switch in brain, attributed to genetics, a chronic condition that cannot be cured

12 step program, drug intervention

pro: indignation replaced with pity
con: encourages simple minded policies

Question 15

what is the social model of addiction ? treatment implications (3) ? pros (2) and cons (2) ?

Answer 15

socialization in milieu encouraging addictive use, focus on environment, peers, etc

communal efforts to aid addict, new peers etc, importance of positive role models (ef recovered addicts)

pros: responsibility for some societal norms, identifies at risk populations
cons: cultural stereotypes, blame placed on culture

Question 16

what is the psychological model of addiction ? treatment implications (2) ? pro and con ?

Answer 16

addiction as emotional regulation, way of avoiding aversive emotions, addictive personality

cognitive behavioral therapy, stress management

pro: empowers the individual
con: evidence weak on some concepts such as addictive personality

Question 17

what model is the addictive personality associated with ?

Answer 17

psychological model

Question 18

what is the biopsychosocial model of addiction ?

Answer 18

the one mostly used, with different aspects such as genes, personality, and social circle taken into consideration

Question 19

what is the social stress model ?

Answer 19

it shows that things like bad family relationships, lack of social support may predict substance abuse

Question 20

what molecule is released with drug consumption ?

Answer 20

dopamine

Question 21

what brain structure does early stress exposure affect ?

Answer 21

hippocampus

The hippocampus plays a role in the acquisition and extinction of memories associated with drug seeking behavior.

Question 22

what brain structure does adolescent stress affect ?

Answer 22

prefrontal cortex, responsible for decision making