1- Cardiovascular Response To Stress

Question 1

what are the three variables that interact with each other that lead to disease ?

Answer 1

biological (family history, race, sex) –> disease
psychological (hostility, anxiety, depression) disease
environmental (psychosocial stress, physical stress, dietary factors)

Question 2

does CVD have to do more with environmental variables or biological ?

Answer 2

environmental.

Question 3

stratify risk of CVD in white and black people

Answer 3

before menopause, CVD risk low in women
however, after menopause, estrogen does not protect them anymore.

From largest to smallest risk of CVD:
Black men - White men- Black women - White women

Question 4

What is the strongest factor in biological susceptibility ?

Answer 4

family history

Question 5

What is the strongest factor in psychological susceptibility ?

Answer 5

hostility

Question 6

What is the strongest environmental susceptibility ?

Answer 6

interpersonal relationships

Question 7

Stress =

Answer 7

Stressors x Me

Question 8

What is the health behaviors model ?

Answer 8

When exposed to stress, your choices lead you to an even worse lifestyle. Under stress we tend to do the opposite of what is good for us. Stress leads to bad health behaviors, leading to disease.

Question 9

What is the psychophysiological reactivity model?

Answer 9

Exposure to stress will increase the physiological response and therefore increase risk of disease

Question 10

What is the psychophysiological testing paradigm ?

Answer 10

Instrumentation of subject for physiological recording
Resting period
Stress task
Recovery

Question 11

What is the test used to identify hostility ?

Answer 11

BD- III

Question 12

What is understood under “hostility”?

Answer 12

a psychological trait that reflects suspiciousness

Question 13

Between high and low hostility subjects, who had the highest resting SBP ?

Answer 13

no difference

Question 14

Between high and low hostility subjects, who had the highest resting CO ?

Answer 14

no difference

Question 15

Between high and low hostility subjects, who had the highest resting forearm blood flow?

Answer 15

no difference

Question 16

While being exposed to stress, like a computerized math task, did high or low hostility subjects have a bigger SBP, CO, forearm blood flow change ?

Answer 16

no difference

Question 17

To conduct a psychophysiological evaluation of a hostile person, what would be the best stressor- a math task or an interpersonal conflict ?

Answer 17

An interpersonal conflict. This is more likely to provoke a physiological response.

Question 18

In a protocol containing interpersonal conflict, rank the groups of subjects from highest change in SBP, forearm blood flow, CO to lowest. Describe this change.

Answer 18

HiHo Har significantly increased and kept increasing after each trial

LoHo Har

and then HiHo non Har and LoHo non Har were basically the same

Question 19

At rest rank from highest to lowest the SBP of subjects with parental history of hypertension, with or without hostility

Answer 19

no difference

Question 20

At rest rank from highest to lowest the forearm blood flow of subjects with or without parental history of hypertension, with or without hostility

Answer 20

no difference

Question 21

During a non-harassment task, rank from highest to lowest the CO change of subjects w or without parental history of hypertension, with or without hostility

Answer 21

not much of a difference

Question 22

During a non- harassment task, rank from highest to lowest the forearm blood flow change of subjects w or without parental history of hypertension, with or without hostility

Answer 22

no difference

Question 23

Which group sees a significant increase in CO change and forearm blood flow change between a non-harassment and a harassment task ?

Answer 23

Parental history +

high hostility

Question 24

What variable significantly increases forearm blood flow change in a harassment scenario, apart from family history ?

Answer 24

Salt intake

Question 25

How is the increase in forearm blood flow change in a non- harassment scenario, apart from family history , depending on salt intake ?

Answer 25

HiNa/ PH+ have a higher change but not off-the-charts.

Question 26

Does parental history of hypertension necessarily lead to hostility? Why or why not ?

Answer 26

Nope.

You can see it in the graphs, there is a significant difference between PH+/HiHo (very high) and PH+/LoHo

Question 27

How does salt intake influence the forearm blood flow change of a hostile person ?

Answer 27

High salt intake significantly increases the change in a harassment scenario.

Question 28

how is salt intake related to BP

Answer 28

more salt means more blood volume means more BP

Question 29

what is the most reactive group in the harassment scenario ?

Answer 29

HiHo/HiNa