1- Cardiovascular Response To Stress Flashcards
what are the three variables that interact with each other that lead to disease ?
biological (family history, race, sex) –> disease
psychological (hostility, anxiety, depression) disease
environmental (psychosocial stress, physical stress, dietary factors)
does CVD have to do more with environmental variables or biological ?
environmental.
stratify risk of CVD in white and black people
before menopause, CVD risk low in women
however, after menopause, estrogen does not protect them anymore.
From largest to smallest risk of CVD:
Black men - White men- Black women - White women
What is the strongest factor in biological susceptibility ?
family history
What is the strongest factor in psychological susceptibility ?
hostility
What is the strongest environmental susceptibility ?
interpersonal relationships
Stress =
Stressors x Me
What is the health behaviors model ?
When exposed to stress, your choices lead you to an even worse lifestyle. Under stress we tend to do the opposite of what is good for us. Stress leads to bad health behaviors, leading to disease.
What is the psychophysiological reactivity model?
Exposure to stress will increase the physiological response and therefore increase risk of disease
What is the psychophysiological testing paradigm ?
Instrumentation of subject for physiological recording
Resting period
Stress task
Recovery
What is the test used to identify hostility ?
BD- III
What is understood under “hostility”?
a psychological trait that reflects suspiciousness
Between high and low hostility subjects, who had the highest resting SBP ?
no difference
Between high and low hostility subjects, who had the highest resting CO ?
no difference
Between high and low hostility subjects, who had the highest resting forearm blood flow?
no difference
While being exposed to stress, like a computerized math task, did high or low hostility subjects have a bigger SBP, CO, forearm blood flow change ?
no difference
To conduct a psychophysiological evaluation of a hostile person, what would be the best stressor- a math task or an interpersonal conflict ?
An interpersonal conflict. This is more likely to provoke a physiological response.
In a protocol containing interpersonal conflict, rank the groups of subjects from highest change in SBP, forearm blood flow, CO to lowest. Describe this change.
HiHo Har significantly increased and kept increasing after each trial
LoHo Har
and then HiHo non Har and LoHo non Har were basically the same
At rest rank from highest to lowest the SBP of subjects with parental history of hypertension, with or without hostility
no difference
At rest rank from highest to lowest the forearm blood flow of subjects with or without parental history of hypertension, with or without hostility
no difference
During a non-harassment task, rank from highest to lowest the CO change of subjects w or without parental history of hypertension, with or without hostility
not much of a difference
During a non- harassment task, rank from highest to lowest the forearm blood flow change of subjects w or without parental history of hypertension, with or without hostility
no difference
Which group sees a significant increase in CO change and forearm blood flow change between a non-harassment and a harassment task ?
Parental history +
high hostility
What variable significantly increases forearm blood flow change in a harassment scenario, apart from family history ?
Salt intake
How is the increase in forearm blood flow change in a non- harassment scenario, apart from family history , depending on salt intake ?
HiNa/ PH+ have a higher change but not off-the-charts.
Does parental history of hypertension necessarily lead to hostility? Why or why not ?
Nope.
You can see it in the graphs, there is a significant difference between PH+/HiHo (very high) and PH+/LoHo
How does salt intake influence the forearm blood flow change of a hostile person ?
High salt intake significantly increases the change in a harassment scenario.
how is salt intake related to BP
more salt means more blood volume means more BP
what is the most reactive group in the harassment scenario ?
HiHo/HiNa
