6] Sampling Flashcards
What does the study of science mean
The Study of the natural world and how it behaves using observation and logic
What is a population
A population Is the entire set of individuals that a research question or hypothesis applies to
What is a target population
The group of individuals that the intervention intends to conduct a research in and draw conclusions from
What is an accessible population
The portion of the population to which the researcher has a reasonable access
What is a sample
The group of people you recruit and choose for your study
Why do we use sampling
In order to generalise the results from the sample to a larger population
What is inferring
when we want to make a statement about the population using the data from the sample
What is a representative sample
This Is a sample that has the same characteristics as a population
What is probability sampling
This is the selection of a sample from a population when this selection is based on the principles of randomization
What is a sampling frame
When you choose your accessible population you must make a list of potential participants
What is simple random sampling
This is when each person from the sampling frame has an equal chance of being picked
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a simple random sampling
1: advantages
Unbiased selection and easy to understand
2: disadvantages
Can take a lot of time to design an appropriate sampling frame and can be costly to recruit
What is stratified random sampling
Is the process of creating subgroups in a dataset according to various factors like gender age income level or education
What is the advantages and disadvantages of stratified random sampling
1: advantages
Can Create representative samples with fewer participants and can address questions related to infrequent subgroups
2: disadvantages
Can be very difficult to construct a sampling frame with the needed stratification information
What is cluster sampling
When you divide a population into clusters and then randomly select a sample from these clusters
What is the advantages and disadvantages of clustered sampling
1: advantages
Administratively a lot simpler than simple random sampling
2: disadvantages
More susceptible to bias as participants in a cluster will have a greater similarity to one another
What is multistage sampling
You draw a sample from a population using smaller and smaller groups each time
What is the advantages and disadvantages of probability sampling
1: advantages
Creates representative samples and allows for generalization
2: disadvantages
Costly and time consuming
What is non probability sampling
A branch of selection sampling that uses non random/subjective ways to select a group of people for a study
What is convenience sampling
Is when you choose a group of people that are east to access, not even focusing on what you target population is because it’s convenient
Although this doesn’t help for generalizations
E.g: asking random people questions on a crowded street
What is quota sampling
This method mixes convenience sampling and stratification which makes it stronger than convenience sampling because you can ensure the characteristics of the population are represented in your study
How does quota sampling work
1: decide what subgroups your going to focus on for your research
2: use convenience sampling to fill each subgroup with the required number of participants
E.g: you interview 100 men and 100 women on Grafton street
What is snowball sampling
It’s when you recruit a sample for your study and request they go out and recruit more and so on
E.g: recruit 20 participants, then get the to recruit 5 each making it 120 participants and finally request them to each recruit 5 making it 620 participants
What are the factors that influence what sampling method you will use
1: research questions
2: money
3: resources
