6] Sampling

Question 1

What does the study of science mean

Answer 1

The Study of the natural world and how it behaves using observation and logic

Question 2

What is a population

Answer 2

A population Is the entire set of individuals that a research question or hypothesis applies to

Question 3

What is a target population

Answer 3

The group of individuals that the intervention intends to conduct a research in and draw conclusions from

Question 4

What is an accessible population

Answer 4

The portion of the population to which the researcher has a reasonable access

Question 5

What is a sample

Answer 5

The group of people you recruit and choose for your study

Question 6

Why do we use sampling

Answer 6

In order to generalise the results from the sample to a larger population

Question 7

What is inferring

Answer 7

when we want to make a statement about the population using the data from the sample

Question 8

What is a representative sample

Answer 8

This Is a sample that has the same characteristics as a population

Question 9

What is probability sampling

Answer 9

This is the selection of a sample from a population when this selection is based on the principles of randomization

Question 10

What is a sampling frame

Answer 10

When you choose your accessible population you must make a list of potential participants

Question 11

What is simple random sampling

Answer 11

This is when each person from the sampling frame has an equal chance of being picked

Question 12

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a simple random sampling

Answer 12

1: advantages
Unbiased selection and easy to understand
2: disadvantages
Can take a lot of time to design an appropriate sampling frame and can be costly to recruit

Question 13

What is stratified random sampling

Answer 13

Is the process of creating subgroups in a dataset according to various factors like gender age income level or education

Question 14

What is the advantages and disadvantages of stratified random sampling

Answer 14

1: advantages
Can Create representative samples with fewer participants and can address questions related to infrequent subgroups
2: disadvantages
Can be very difficult to construct a sampling frame with the needed stratification information

Question 15

What is cluster sampling

Answer 15

When you divide a population into clusters and then randomly select a sample from these clusters

Question 16

What is the advantages and disadvantages of clustered sampling

Answer 16

1: advantages
Administratively a lot simpler than simple random sampling
2: disadvantages
More susceptible to bias as participants in a cluster will have a greater similarity to one another

Question 17

What is multistage sampling

Answer 17

You draw a sample from a population using smaller and smaller groups each time

Question 18

What is the advantages and disadvantages of probability sampling

Answer 18

1: advantages
Creates representative samples and allows for generalization
2: disadvantages
Costly and time consuming

Question 19

What is non probability sampling

Answer 19

A branch of selection sampling that uses non random/subjective ways to select a group of people for a study

Question 20

What is convenience sampling

Answer 20

Is when you choose a group of people that are east to access, not even focusing on what you target population is because it’s convenient
Although this doesn’t help for generalizations
E.g: asking random people questions on a crowded street

Question 21

What is quota sampling

Answer 21

This method mixes convenience sampling and stratification which makes it stronger than convenience sampling because you can ensure the characteristics of the population are represented in your study

Question 22

How does quota sampling work

Answer 22

1: decide what subgroups your going to focus on for your research
2: use convenience sampling to fill each subgroup with the required number of participants
E.g: you interview 100 men and 100 women on Grafton street

Question 23

What is snowball sampling

Answer 23

It’s when you recruit a sample for your study and request they go out and recruit more and so on
E.g: recruit 20 participants, then get the to recruit 5 each making it 120 participants and finally request them to each recruit 5 making it 620 participants

Question 24

What are the factors that influence what sampling method you will use

Answer 24

1: research questions
2: money
3: resources