5] Reliability And Validly

Question 1

What is a variable

Answer 1

It is something you’re trying to measure in some way and can take on different values

Question 2

What are the categories of variables

Answer 2

1: some are unique like DNA
2: some vary little among the general population like committing a crime
3: some categories of people have different but same variables like height

Question 3

What is qualitative research

Answer 3

Qualitative research involves collecting and analysing non-numerical data to understand concepts opinions or experiences

Question 4

What is quantitative research

Answer 4

Quantitive research means collecting and analysing numerical data to describe characteristics find correlations or test hypothesis

Question 5

Compare qualitative and quantitative research: common purpose

Answer 5

Qualitative: discover Ideas with general research objectives
Quantitative: test hypothesis or specific research questions

Question 6

Compare qualitative and quantitative research: approach

Answer 6

Qualitative: observe an interpret
Quantitive: measure and test

Question 7

Compare qualitative and quantitative research: data collection

Answer 7

Qualitative: unstructured free-form
Quantitive: structured response, categories provided

Question 8

Compare qualitative and quantitative research: research independence

Answer 8

Qualitative: Is intimately involved and results are subject
Quantitive: uninvolved observer and results are objective

Question 9

Compare qualitative and quantitative research: samples

Answer 9

Qualitative: small samples often in a natural setting
Quantitive: large samples to produce generalisable results

Question 10

What are mixed methods

Answer 10

They are studies that incorporate both qualitative and quantitive methods

Question 11

What is a construct

Answer 11

A construct is a theoretical concept theme or idea based on observations and is usually not directly measurable for example self-esteem

Question 12

What is an operational definition

Answer 12

An operational definition is a description of the procedure for measuring some objective variables to study an underline constructs

Question 13

Why should you be careful when using an operational definition

Answer 13

1: The things you measure may not be the concepts in which you are interested in, and may not address important aspects of the concept
2: You also need to be aware that the things you are measuring may be influenced by other constructed as well

Question 14

What is reliability

Answer 14

Reliability in a study is how reproducible or replicable it is and how consistently the method of measuring something is in terms of quality and performance

Question 15

What is test re-test reliability

Answer 15

It is the degree to which test scores remain unchanged when measuring a stable individual characteristic on different occasions

Question 16

What is inter rate reliability

Answer 16

This refers to whether separate judges give a participant the same score on an observational measure

Question 17

What is internal reliability

Answer 17

It refers to how consistently different questions (items) within the same test measure the same concept or construct, so the results across all the questions in the test when produced again share a similar value
E.g: if someone answered agree to “I like riding bikes” and then disagreed with the statement “I hate bikes” then the internal consistency is good

Question 18

What does validity mean

Answer 18

Refers to how accurately it measures what it has intended to and how well the results among the study participants represent true findings among similar individuals outside of the study.
E.g: if research has high validity it means that it produces results that correspond to real properties, characteristics and variations in the physical and social world

Question 19

What is face validity

Answer 19

It’s when something looks like it measure what it is suppose to
E.g: sociability test- having no friends
Although it has problems like it’s a subjective measure and sometimes research may be valid but not her face validity

Question 20

What is content validity

Answer 20

When the measure examines the full range of content associated with the construct
E.g: test measuring ability in science should involve questions in biology chemistry and physics

Question 21

What is construct validity

Answer 21

When the extent to which your test or measure a concept accurately evaluates what it is supposed to
E.g: If the researcher wants to evaluate respondents happiness levels the instruments construct validity would be the extent to which assesses the respondents levels of energy positivity and smiling as opposed to fretfulness anger and negativity

Question 22

What is criterion related validity

Answer 22

The extent to which the measure is related to some important behaviour that is external to the measure itself
E.g: you can check if your job performance test correlates with the actual ratings for feedback from supervisors customers or peers

Question 23

What are the types of criterion related validity

Answer 23

1: concurrent validity
The extent of agreement between two different tests for measurements taken at the same time
E.g: results from a new test of intelligence should be similar to the results on a standard highest IQ test
2: predictive validity
The extent to which a measure or test accurately predict future behaviour performance or outcomes
E.g: we could validate leaving cert points as a measure of academic ability by saying how accurately they predict performance in college