6. Middle and later childhood Flashcards
Genetic development - 2 ways
- Phylogenetic
- Ontogenetic
Phylogenetic dev
Acquisition of abilities that are common to everyone who experiences normal development
Ontogenetic dev
Acquisition of abilities that requires specific training
Phylo or onto: walking, standing, talking VS writing, driving, dancing
Phylo: walking, standing, talking
Onto: writing, driving, dancing
Age is arbitrary is middle and later childhood
TRUE - not a hard cutoff
Which stages are deemed more important than middle and later childhood?
Preschool and adolescent stages
In the fundamental movement developmental stages, which phase corresponds to middle and later childhood?
Elementary stage towards mature stage
Do we have specialized movement skills in this stage?
No, ‘‘sample’’ but not specialized
Nutritional concerns
Excess consumption
Macronutrient imbalances
Over reliance on refined sugars and starches
The use of non-nutritive edibles (ex: sugar-free)
2 possible negative injuries:
- Excessive, repetitive training stresses joints
- Injuries to growth plates implications on bone growth
Slow, consistent rate of growth (weight and height)
5-7lbs per year
2-3 inch per year
By age 11, average girl and boy height
147 cm (4 pied 10) girl
146 cm (4 pied 9,5) boy
Physical growth - muscle mass
increase
Physical growth - body fat
decrease
Physical growth - muscular strength
increase
Physical growth - core trunk
decrease (lose baby fat)
T or F: girls are stronger than boys (upper)
FALSE, boys are stronger
Nutritional factors affecting growth
Chronic malnutrition
Nutritional deficiencies
Dietary excess
Exercise, PA, injury affecting growth
- Use and disuse
- Hypertrophy or atrophy
- Optimal overload/demand/stress
- Overuse of specific joints
- Epiphyseal injuries
- Improved bone mineralization
Bone mineralization improves with (2)
Increased weight bearing
PA and exercise
Other contributing factors to growth
Family
Parental attitudes
HEalth status
Diseases present
SES of family
Housing
Culture, etc….
