5. Post natal motor development Flashcards
Name the 9 developmental stages
- Prenatal dev.
- Infancy and toddlerhood
- Early childhood
- Middle childhood
- Adolescence
- Late adulthood
- Death and dying
Age for prenatal stage (2 parts)
Embryonic stage = 0 to 8 weeks
Fetal stage = 8 weeks to birth
Age infancy stage
Birth to 1 yo
What age corresponds to neonatal?
Birth to 22 days
Age of toddler stage
1-4 years
Age of early childhood
Infancy to 7 yo
2 types of developmental direction
Cephalocaudally
Proximodistal
5 main characteristics of motor development
- In a predictable sequence
- At a variable rate
- As a continuous process
- From simple to complex
- From general to specific
Scammon’s growth curve - define principle
Not all tissue systems grow at the same rate
Summarization of the differential nature of postnatal growth
Sensory and motor development by age 1, most children (2)
- Like to put things in their mouths
- Pull up holding to something
- Cruise (walk with holding smt)
- Pincer grasp
Physical development by age 1, most children
Taller
Gotten HEAVY
BIG heads
Have a few teeth
4 phases of Gallahue’s Hourglass model of motor development
Reflexive movement phase
Rudimentary movement phase
Fundamental movement phase
Specialized movement phase
Clarke and Metcalfe - mountain of dev.
Sequential and cumulative
- Age is variable from individual
Task based classification of movements (3)
Stability
Locomotion
Manipulation
Task - Stability
Emphasis on static and dynamic body balance
Task - locomotion
Emphasis on body transportation
Task - manipulation
Imparting force on or receiving force from an object
Phases of movement / motor development
Reflexive
Rudimentary
Fundamental
Reflexive phase of movement
Involuntary subcortically controlled movement in utero and early infancy
Rudimentary phase of movement
The movements of infancy influenced by maturation
Fundamental phase of movement
The basic movement skills of childhood
Fundamental movement developmental stages
Initial stage
Elementary stage
Mature stage
Example of stability - fundamental = balancing on 1 foot
Reflexive = Labyrinthine righting + body righting reflex
Rudimentary = Control of head and neck + Unsupported sitting and standing
Define plasticity
Degree to which a developing structure or behavior is modifiable due to experience
4 stages of Piaget’s theory
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational
Age of sensorimotor
Birth to 2 yo
Age of preoperational
2 to 6-7yo
Age of concrete operational
7-11 years
Age of formal operational
12 yo to adulthood
Developmental phenomena - sensorimotor
Object permanence
Stranger anxiety
Developmental phenomena - preoperational
Pretend play
Egocentrism
Language development
Developmental phenomena - concrete operational
Conservation
Mathematical transformations
Developmental phenomena - formal operational
abstract logic
potential for mature moral reasoning
3 basic aspect of memory (information processing)
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Encoding
Information is recorded into a form usable for memories
Storage
Placement of information into memory
Retrieval
how information is retrieved from memories
What is infantile amnesia?
Lack of memories prior to 3 yo
Bayley scales of infant development - 3 components
Mental scale
Motor scale
Behavioral scale
Erikson’s stages - infant
trust vs mistrust
feeling
hope
Erikson’s stage - toddler
Autonomy vs shame & doubt
toilet training
will
Erikson’s stage - Pre-schooler
Initiative vs guilt
exploration
purpose
Erikson’s stage - grade-schooler
Industry vs inferiority
school
confidence
Erikson’s stage - Teenager
Identity vs role confusion
social relationships
fidelity
Erikson’s stage - young adult
Intimacy vs isolation
relationships
love
Erikson’s stage - middle-age adult
Generativity vs stagnation
work and parenthood
care
Erikson’s stage - older adult
Ego integrity vs despair
reflection on life
wisdom
3 sources of developmental tasks (Havighurst’s)
- Physical maturation
- Personal values
- Pressure of society
Review slide 45
Age range vs developmental task
