6. Emotions and Motivation

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

factors that initiate and influence the nature, persistence, and strength of an individuals behaviour

Question 2

drives/motivational states

Answer 2

urgent need, usually rooted in physiological tension, deficiency, or imbalance

Question 3

motivational neuroscience

Answer 3

• nucleus accumbens: process rewarding stim
• orbitofrontal cortex: assigns values to rewards
• dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: goal directed behaviour
• dopamine pathways

Question 4

dopamine pathways

Answer 4

dopamine: neurotransmitter associated with excitement and anticipation
mesolimbic: ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens
mesocortical: ventral tegmental area to prefrontal cortex

Question 5

drive reduction theory

Answer 5

suggests we are motivated to reduce problematic drives in our body

Question 6

hypothalamus

Answer 6

important in homeostasis - connects endocrine and nervous sys via the pituitary gland

Question 7

pituitary gland

Answer 7

releases excitatory and inhibitory hormones, controlled by hypothalamus

Question 8

medulla oblongata

Answer 8

controls autonomic functions

Question 9

regulatory drives

Answer 9

• hunger
• thirst
• thermoreg
• sleep

Question 10

non-reg drives

Answer 10

sex - arousal
achievement

Question 11

main body fuel source

Answer 11

glucose

Question 12

ariely and loewenstein study

Answer 12

sex arousal makes ppl impatient for sex and other outcomes

Question 13

affect

Answer 13

emotional process

Question 14

emotional fluctuation

Answer 14

degree to which emotional intensity changes overtime or to which emotions change

Question 15

emotional coherence

Answer 15

when emotional responses converge with one another
“i’m afraid of snakes”
- if i see one my heart races (physiological)
- fear
- run (behaviour)

Question 16

dysreg

Answer 16

opposite of coherence
give birth to baby -> incredibly sad

Question 17

SNS

Answer 17

fight or flight - epinephrine

Question 18

PNS

Answer 18

rest and digest

Question 19

how to determine which areas of the brain are stim during a task

Answer 19

fMRI, ERP’s
Focal brain stim: electrodes to stim diff areas of brain -> measure emotional response

Question 20

desire/pleasure

Answer 20

stim of lateral hypothalamus

Question 21

appetite for rewards/desire sys

Answer 21

amygdala, nucleus accumbens, left frontal cortex

Question 22

excitement and anticipation

Answer 22

dopamine

Question 23

“liking someone”

Answer 23

linked to a small area within the nucleus accumbens and posterior of the ventral pallidum

Question 24

pleasure

Answer 24

activation of orbitofrontal cortex

Question 25

fear

Answer 25

amygdala plays an important role in fear, prefrontal cortex processes fear
cortex: slow, analyzes emotion
amygdala: fast, immediate action

Question 26

anger

Answer 26

from medial amygdala thru hypothalamus
many things can provoke anger ex neurotransmitters

Question 27

what does not play a role in production and reg of emotion:
a) cerebellum
b) hypothalamus
c) amygdala
d) cerebral cortex

Answer 27

a) cerebellum

Question 28

what would you expect to see in activation of SNS:
a) xtra sugar released into bloodstream
b) increased perspiration
c) increased resp
d) all of the above

Answer 28

d) all of the above

Question 29

describe affective neuroscience? + techniques to study it

Answer 29

• examines role of brain in emotional states
• stim the brain and measuring response (focal brain stim)
• scan brain during an event (fMRI, ERP)
• injury/lesion an area