6. Emotions and Motivation Flashcards
motivation
factors that initiate and influence the nature, persistence, and strength of an individuals behaviour
drives/motivational states
urgent need, usually rooted in physiological tension, deficiency, or imbalance
motivational neuroscience
- nucleus accumbens: process rewarding stim
- orbitofrontal cortex: assigns values to rewards
- dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: goal directed behaviour
- dopamine pathways
dopamine pathways
dopamine: neurotransmitter associated with excitement and anticipation
mesolimbic: ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens
mesocortical: ventral tegmental area to prefrontal cortex
drive reduction theory
suggests we are motivated to reduce problematic drives in our body
hypothalamus
important in homeostasis - connects endocrine and nervous sys via the pituitary gland
pituitary gland
releases excitatory and inhibitory hormones, controlled by hypothalamus
medulla oblongata
controls autonomic functions
regulatory drives
- hunger
- thirst
- thermoreg
- sleep
non-reg drives
sex - arousal
achievement
main body fuel source
glucose
ariely and loewenstein study
sex arousal makes ppl impatient for sex and other outcomes
affect
emotional process
emotional fluctuation
degree to which emotional intensity changes overtime or to which emotions change
emotional coherence
when emotional responses converge with one another
“i’m afraid of snakes”
- if i see one my heart races (physiological)
- fear
- run (behaviour)
dysreg
opposite of coherence
give birth to baby -> incredibly sad
SNS
fight or flight - epinephrine
PNS
rest and digest
how to determine which areas of the brain are stim during a task
fMRI, ERP’s
Focal brain stim: electrodes to stim diff areas of brain -> measure emotional response
desire/pleasure
stim of lateral hypothalamus
appetite for rewards/desire sys
amygdala, nucleus accumbens, left frontal cortex
excitement and anticipation
dopamine
“liking someone”
linked to a small area within the nucleus accumbens and posterior of the ventral pallidum
pleasure
activation of orbitofrontal cortex
fear
amygdala plays an important role in fear, prefrontal cortex processes fear
cortex: slow, analyzes emotion
amygdala: fast, immediate action
anger
from medial amygdala thru hypothalamus
many things can provoke anger ex neurotransmitters
what does not play a role in production and reg of emotion:
a) cerebellum
b) hypothalamus
c) amygdala
d) cerebral cortex
a) cerebellum
what would you expect to see in activation of SNS:
a) xtra sugar released into bloodstream
b) increased perspiration
c) increased resp
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
describe affective neuroscience? + techniques to study it
- examines role of brain in emotional states
- stim the brain and measuring response (focal brain stim)
- scan brain during an event (fMRI, ERP)
- injury/lesion an area
