1. Language Course Cram Flashcards
Mental representation
Images, ideas, concepts, principles, beliefs
Language
flexible sys. that allows fo symbolic rep, or thoughts ex.-> dog
Thought
Internal dialogue
- language is distinctly human, evolution of language accompanies greater social complexity
psycholinguistics
the scientific study of the psychology of langauge
- how we acquire language
- how to comprehend and produce it
properties
- symbolic
- structure (set of rules for how symbols come together
adjacency pair
a speaker and responder someone speaks and someone responds
common ground
information shared by people in a conversation
audience design
we design statements we make with our audienece in mind using common group to determine how much detail we need to give about the subject (conversations usually take place in groups of four people or less, which is easier to manage
situation model
a mental representation of an object or situation that we construct when we hear their description
priming
when you think about one concept and related concepts are remembered
Stroke (brain damage)
language problems called aphesia
Bronca’s area
frontal lobe of the left hemisphere (reproduction)
Wernickes area
Temporal lobe (comprehension)
Gossip
70% of our language use is for gossip
- increases our in group/outgroup bias
Linguistic intergroup bias
a language bias that increases stereotypes
social networks
allow gossip to spread reaching a large number of people
Social brain hypothesis
our brains have evolved to be larger and more complex in order to maintain our social groups primates have large brains relative to their body size to manage complex social systems
language and thought
- language shapes cognition
- different languages have different emphases so native speakers will have different constraints on thought
Whorf Linguistic relativity hypothesis
language determines thought and we can only think in ways that are allowed by our language
Ex. In english time is described horizontally like on a timeline mandarin speakers also use vertical terms which influences how fast they understand a term “may is later than march”
theory of mind
is the ability for an individual to understand that other people have their own thoughts and knowledge
- usually develops at age 3
developmental researchers to believe that even infants are aware of other people’s thoughts and needs
social group
collaborate on a task
- share a goal + trust
- other ppl have knowledge
- empathy
theory of mind level: 1st level
Identifying Agents: moving objects that act on their own
Recognizing goals: agents have goal-directed behaviours
Assessing Intentionally: agent is engaging in behaviour that the agent believes will bring a desirable outcome
(Monkeys)
theory of mind level: 2nd level
imitation: copying a behaviour observed in someone else
mimicry: copying observed behaviour, usually w/o being aware, leading to behaviours being synchronized
automatic empathy: mimicking/imitating a behaviour leads to feeling the emotion of the person you are mimicking
theory of mind level: 3rd level
All above are only human
joint attention: 2 ppl attending to the same thing, fully aware they are both attending to it
visual perspective taking: perceiving something from another person’s visual point of view; also leads to infer another person’s mental state/perspective diff from your own
theory of mind level: 4th level
simulation: representing another person’s mental state
projection: assuming that someone else’s knowledge, desires and feelings are the same as your own
theory of mind level: 5th level
inferring mental states: being able to take another person’s perspective, separate from our own (empathy)
false belief tasks
when you test to see if a child understands that people have diff information than them
Individuals with Autism and TOM
individuals diagnosed with autism can struggle with TOM bc it involves reading facial expressions and inferring intentions
Why is TOM important
for helping us communicate and understand each other - it allows us to take others perspective, be empathetic, and understanding ppl’s goals and intentions
