11. Social Psychology + 12. Flashcards
social psych
study of social interactions
social cognition
study of our thoughts about our social world
social neuroscience
how our brain is influenced by and influences social behaviour
attitude
evaluation of someone’s positive or negative reaction to something
strength
an attitude can be assessed by how quickly it is expressed
3 main components of attitude
A - ffect (feelings)
B - ehaviour
C - ognition
central processing
audience examines message and finds the arguments compelling -> leads to long lasting attitude change; usually a message that is personally relevant is thoughtfully processed; also, ppl with a high need for cognition follow this route
peripheral processing
audience member does not examine message but is persuaded by speaker’s attractiveness, emotional appeal, or other factors; usually a message that is not as personally relevant and the issue it not as important
central vs peripheral processing is determined by
- motivation
- ability
- opportunity
subliminal advertising
uses stimuli below threshold of our conscious perception
effective advertising
good mood/humour
sexual content sells
fear - but not extreme
elicit self-concern
forewarning
tells individual that a persuasive message is coming, allowing them to review how they will respond and therefore creating resistance to persuasion
inoculation
involves mildly attacking the attitude which builds up defenses and reinforces it
social loafing
when in a group, ppl tend to give less than their expected effort bc they believe others will pick up the slack
group polarization
when presence of a group leads to ppl developing more extreme opinions than when they 1st started
group think
group tends towards same opinion in order to preserve harmony and unity
common knowledge effect
occurs when groups spend more time discussing shared info than examining info that only a few members know
prejudice
negative thought or idea that you have toward an individual or group
implicit association test
ppl react quickly when they believe that two words are associated
blatant biases
openly hostile feelings and behaviour, as opposed to subtle biases
social identity theory
favour in-groups over out-groups
social dominance orientation
belief that group hierarchies are natural and inevitable and help society maintain stability
right wing authoritarianism
willingness to submit to authorities
working on group project, someone is not pulling their weight. you tell them they need to do their part and end up doing more work than you wanted too. what is ur partner displaying
social facilitation
what is a non effective strategy to reduce groupthink
group members are encouraged to maintain a strong sense of unity
according to “food in the door” , your more likely to be able to change someone’s attitude if you
get them to make a small change in attitude to start w
your hired by a politician to build his campaign. use your knowledge of persuasion, what would you suggest?
- a credible communicator without bias whos an expert
- message should prevent both sides of the issue and use moderate examples
how can attitude be changed
- if the audience is motivated to listen and think about a message that is personally relevant
- thought provoking messages that appeal to logic are more likely to result in permanent changes to attitude
self
when i think about me
social actor
understanding our social role, other ppl have feelings about you
motivated agent
sense of self that can plan and set goals
autobiographical author
- reflect on their past
- change rom past self to present self
objective social variables
are factual and not subject to personal opinions
(social integration factors)
subjective social variables
related to feelings and not based in fact
- social support
- subjective well-being
obstracism
can lead to depression and loneliness, overall loss of well-being
intimate relationships
most important: long term partner
for physical and psychological closeness
- a confidante
progressive cultivation
formal etiquette, higher civilization vs. barbarians
ways of life for culture
traditions; religion
shared learning
teachers, info sharing, cultural scripts
self construal
defining our role in relation to others
gender identity
sense of being male, female, or a mix of masculine and feminine
cisgender
your biological sex matches your gender; transgender
gender role
refers to cultural expectations of the way in which men and women should behave and think
gender stereotypes
are beliefs about the behaviours, attitude, and personalities of men versus women
sexual orientation
deals w attraction and is independent of gender
prejudice is to _________ as discrimination is to __________
thought, action
implicit association test measures
unconscious stereotyping
