10. Personality

Question 1

HEXACO

Answer 1

Honesty-humility, emotionality, eXtraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness

Question 2

lexical hypothesis

Answer 2

we can tell personality traits are the most important by paying attention to language ppl use to describe themselves and others

Question 3

machiavellianism

Answer 3

individuals that manipulate others in their quest for power and money

Question 4

authoritarianism

Answer 4

narcissistic personality type

Question 5

alexithymia

Answer 5

inability to recognize own emotions

Question 6

person-situation debate

Answer 6

the situational side said that situational factors affected behaviour, w ppl reacting consistently to similar situations

Question 7

active person-environment transactions

Answer 7

occur when individuals select specific environments that are consistent w their already existing personality characteristics

Question 8

reactive person-environment transactions

Answer 8

occur when individuals react diff to the same external stimuli bc of their personalies

Question 9

evocative person-environment transactions

Answer 9

occur whenever individuals elicit certain kind

Question 10

hostile attribution bias

Answer 10

when individuals interpret social interactions as being aggressive, disrespectful, or antagonistic

Question 11

all psychometric tests aim for

Answer 11

1. reliability
2. validity
3. standardization

Question 12

objective tests

Answer 12

involve standard set of questions answered using a limited number of responses

Question 13

self report

Answer 13

asks ppl to describe themselves: can ask for single words, or short phrases or sentences

Question 14

“high stakes” testing

Answer 14

where test scores contribute to important events

Question 15

self-enhancement bias

Answer 15

where individuals downplay their less desirable traits while emphasizing their more desirable traits

Question 16

reference group effect

Answer 16

where individuals compare themselves to others in their social circles

Question 17

informant ratings

Answer 17

asks someone who knows the individual to rate them

Question 18

breadth

Answer 18

how broad or general: some personality tests assess broad, general traits, like Big 5, while others give more specific scales

Question 19

rational approach

Answer 19

based on theorist concept of the trait

Question 20

empirical approach

Answer 20

previous research has shown that the item was responded to diff by ppl known to differ in that trait

Question 21

myer-briggs test

Answer 21

E - xtraversion
S - ensing
T - hinking
J - udgement

Question 22

projective tests

Answer 22

open-ended
- Rorschach Inkblot Test: requires looking at blobs of ink and saying what you see
- Thematic Apperception Test: requires looking at a picture of ppl and making up a story based on that picture

Question 23

implicit association test

Answer 23

people react quickly when they believe that 2 words are associated, longer reaction time

Question 24

what is the MMPI an assessment of

Answer 24

personality and psychological disorders

Question 25

joe:
creative and imaginative
also quite insecure
during stress, tends to overreact
how would he score on a Factor 5 personality test

Answer 25

high on openness, high on neuroticism

Question 26

ur examining bullying behaviour
children have diff responses and you need a way to measure their reactions
what approach should researcher take?

Answer 26

develop a sys that codes each behaviour

Question 27

ur participating in a research study:
questions like -
“i often feel anxious when trying new things”
“i prefer individual sports”
“i find it hard to rely on other ppl”
what kind of test?

Answer 27

personality