6 cultural approach Flashcards
Group and intergroup emotion
- Similarities in emotion in a group arise from ?
- exposure to the same events
- mutual influence
- shared norms and values
- identification with the group
- requirement to feel or express a particular emotion
Four criteria for group level emotions (Smith et al 2007)
- distinct from individual emotion
- depend on identification with group
- socially shared group
- contribute to intra and intergroup attitudes and behaviour
Intergroup emotion?
emotions arise in one group concerning another group
intergroup emotion theory Smith 1993
intergroup emotions are experienced by individuals when they identify with a social group making the group part of the psychological self.
Fiske cuddy and glick 2002 - intergroup relations
Perceived competenece and warmth causes intergroup emotions
- envy
- contempt,
- pity
- pride. ]
could recast prejudice in terms of intergroup emotion.
lyens et al 2002
emotions posed for in group are clearer- greater potential misunderstanding
- conflict and contamination protecting group
collective guilt
high when individual thinks group has done wrong but not personally.
self focused restitution rather than out focused help Iyer 2003
- individuals who strongly identify group prefer to repair guilt in a way that protects group identity.
Cultural differences in emotion: (3 points)
Cultural processes- values and concepts about self
Social roles - identities
Ethnotheories - how poeple understand and deal with emotions
Cultural approaches
3 approaches
Self construal
Values
Epistemology
Self construal
can construe oneself as independent or interdependent (individualistic or collectivist)
individualistic- people may report being more emotion but the autonomic nervous system response may be the same levinson et al 1992
collectivity- people mask negative and positive feelings- have greater impact when displayed Miyake et al 1986
cultural approaches ;; values
there are cultural differences in principles for social behvaiour such as priorty of freedom, rights, equality.
monogomy and jealousy
honor shame china
cultural thoeries- epistemology
knowledge structures within a culture guide affect behvaiour and cognition.
East asia accepts contradictions- more likely to report pos and neg emotions at the same time Kitayama et al 2000
Methods
- cross cultural comparisons
Expression
some cultures less expressive
Japanes and Americans show same iif unobserved but diff if observed
methods
- recognition
expression
universal recognition of basic emotion expression accuracy declines away from ango american culture
happiness most consistently recognised
methods
- cause of emtion
situations that give rise to emotions may be universal.
Interdependent happier in social situatiions
independent more likley to experience happy with personal accomplishements
response to emotion
Anger
anger elicited larger concessions in european americans tha asian bc of whats ocnsidered appropriate.
Health and culture Curhan et al 2014
Briggs 1970 Utku do not express anger but instead use substitution to replace with amusement
method : Subjectve well being of nations
- Increasing recognition that nations ca be hudges ad compared by the well being experienced by their citizens. Material wealth appears to be an important determinant of life satisfaction of its people.
method Ethnography
in depth description of social life of culture
sadness and grief
- considerable variation. Tahitians use jokes (Levy 1973).
method- historical method
books, letters, film art. Stearns and Haggarty 1991 advice manuals for parents fear was more accepted prior to 1900 but then was seen as something which needed to be managed.
Kotchemidova 2005- when cheerfulness defines a norm then the opposite depression becomes a problem.
distinctiveness of cultural approach
- Emotions come from practices, institutions and values and serve to define values, negotiate roles, achieve identities and fortify ideologies.
embarassment (bio vs cultural)
- According to the evolutionary approach embarrassment is a universal appeasement display to signal remorse.
- Accorrding to the cultural approach, embarrassment varies across cultures depending on the cultures values and epistemology and serves a function.
