6 cultural approach

Question 1

Group and intergroup emotion

- Similarities in emotion in a group arise from ?

Answer 1

• exposure to the same events
• mutual influence
• shared norms and values
• identification with the group
• requirement to feel or express a particular emotion

Question 2

Four criteria for group level emotions (Smith et al 2007)

Answer 2

1. distinct from individual emotion
2. depend on identification with group
3. socially shared group
4. contribute to intra and intergroup attitudes and behaviour

Question 3

Intergroup emotion?

Answer 3

emotions arise in one group concerning another group

Question 4

intergroup emotion theory Smith 1993

Answer 4

intergroup emotions are experienced by individuals when they identify with a social group making the group part of the psychological self.

Question 5

Fiske cuddy and glick 2002 - intergroup relations

Answer 5

Perceived competenece and warmth causes intergroup emotions

• envy
• contempt,
• pity
• pride. ]

could recast prejudice in terms of intergroup emotion.

Question 6

lyens et al 2002

Answer 6

emotions posed for in group are clearer- greater potential misunderstanding

• conflict and contamination protecting group

Question 7

collective guilt

Answer 7

high when individual thinks group has done wrong but not personally.
self focused restitution rather than out focused help Iyer 2003

• individuals who strongly identify group prefer to repair guilt in a way that protects group identity.

Question 8

Cultural differences in emotion: (3 points)

Answer 8

Cultural processes- values and concepts about self
Social roles - identities
Ethnotheories - how poeple understand and deal with emotions

Question 9

Cultural approaches

3 approaches

Answer 9

Self construal

Values

Epistemology

Question 10

Self construal

Answer 10

can construe oneself as independent or interdependent (individualistic or collectivist)

individualistic- people may report being more emotion but the autonomic nervous system response may be the same levinson et al 1992

collectivity- people mask negative and positive feelings- have greater impact when displayed Miyake et al 1986

Question 11

cultural approaches ;; values

Answer 11

there are cultural differences in principles for social behvaiour such as priorty of freedom, rights, equality.

monogomy and jealousy
honor shame china

Question 12

cultural thoeries- epistemology

Answer 12

knowledge structures within a culture guide affect behvaiour and cognition.
East asia accepts contradictions- more likely to report pos and neg emotions at the same time Kitayama et al 2000

Question 13

Methods
- cross cultural comparisons
Expression

Answer 13

some cultures less expressive

Japanes and Americans show same iif unobserved but diff if observed

Question 14

methods
- recognition
expression

Answer 14

universal recognition of basic emotion expression accuracy declines away from ango american culture

happiness most consistently recognised

Question 15

methods

- cause of emtion

Answer 15

situations that give rise to emotions may be universal.
Interdependent happier in social situatiions
independent more likley to experience happy with personal accomplishements

Question 16

response to emotion

Anger

Answer 16

anger elicited larger concessions in european americans tha asian bc of whats ocnsidered appropriate.
Health and culture Curhan et al 2014
Briggs 1970 Utku do not express anger but instead use substitution to replace with amusement

Question 17

method : Subjectve well being of nations

Answer 17

• Increasing recognition that nations ca be hudges ad compared by the well being experienced by their citizens. Material wealth appears to be an important determinant of life satisfaction of its people.

Question 18

method Ethnography

Answer 18

in depth description of social life of culture

Question 19

sadness and grief

Answer 19

• considerable variation. Tahitians use jokes (Levy 1973).

Question 20

method- historical method

Answer 20

books, letters, film art. Stearns and Haggarty 1991 advice manuals for parents fear was more accepted prior to 1900 but then was seen as something which needed to be managed.
Kotchemidova 2005- when cheerfulness defines a norm then the opposite depression becomes a problem.

Question 21

distinctiveness of cultural approach

Answer 21

• Emotions come from practices, institutions and values and serve to define values, negotiate roles, achieve identities and fortify ideologies.

Question 22

embarassment (bio vs cultural)

Answer 22

• According to the evolutionary approach embarrassment is a universal appeasement display to signal remorse.
• Accorrding to the cultural approach, embarrassment varies across cultures depending on the cultures values and epistemology and serves a function.