10 emotion dysfunction

Question 1

Affective disorder

Answer 1

Mental disorder characterised by sudden changes or extremes in affect
significant distress
impaired function

Question 2

classification systems

Answer 2

ICD10 (WHO, 2003)
DSM5 (APA, 2013)
- Continuum

Question 3

Depression

Answer 3

low mood, suicidal thoughts, lack of energy, loss of concentration
Kessler et al (1994 ) 21%women 13% men.
70% get better in a year
7% not better after 10 years

Question 4

bipolar

Answer 4

mania. Depression.
1= 1 or more manic episode without depression
2= both.
Cyclothymia - hypnomanic/ sub depressive.
Kessler et al (1994) 1% prev. 50% relapse.

Question 5

anxiety

Answer 5

GAD, panic, phobia, obsessions, PTSD.

KEssler et al (1994) ; 30% women 19% men.

Question 6

childhood disorders

Answer 6

Externalising
Internalising.
Stress diathesis hypothesis - Davidson and Neale (2001): Diathesis (genetic) stress (negative life event)

Question 7

Stressors:

Answer 7

Conflict between parents
Parental psychiatric problem
Quality of parent child relationships

Question 8

Stressor : Rutter (1979) 6 risk factors

Answer 8

1. Marital disharmony
2. parental depression
3. poverty
4. institutionalisation
5. large family
6. parental criminality

Question 9

Caspi et al (2002)

Answer 9

Found evidence for diathesis stress model.

MAOA gene and stress account for 44% of violent crimes in men .

Question 10

Brown and Harris (1978)

Answer 10

Sever life events preceded depression in 80% of cases.

• loss of valued role
• humiliation
• entrapment
• danger

Question 11

Segal et al (1996) Kindling hypothesis

Answer 11

Proposes that people are sensitised by previous episodes so that less stress events can activate subsequent episodes

Question 12

Wainright and Surtees (2002) early experiences

Answer 12

Parental divorce, frightening event and physical abuse predict depression (before the age of 17)

Question 13

rumination and depression

Answer 13

• The repetitive dwelling on thoughts may prolong depression
• Women report higher levels of rumination which may explain the gender difference in depression

Question 14

Verhaegen et al., (2005) Rumination depression and creativity

Answer 14

• reflective rumination account for relationship between depression and creativity
• rumination requires sensitivity to the self, reduced inhibition of cognition material and may lead to creative thought

Question 15

Studying - Problems

Answer 15

Much of the research based on interviews.
- Ecological momentary assessment of affective disorders
: Reduces recall bias, affect dynamics, integrates data types, reveals contextual effects, can provide feedback to clients.

Question 16

The role of emotion in psychopathology (Kring, 2010)

Answer 16

• Excess of emotion= mania
• Excessive change in emotion = personality disorder
• Mismatch between emotional experience and expression = schizophrenia
• social emotion deficit = autism

= NEed transdiagnostic approach that focusses on emotion processes