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emotion > 2- thoeretical and methodological frameworks- studying emotion > Flashcards

2- thoeretical and methodological frameworks- studying emotion Flashcards

1
Q

What is emotion:

james (1884) definition

A
  • bodily changes guide our emotion
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2
Q

What is emotion -

Arnold and Gasson (1954)

A
  • cognitive: the felt tendency towards or away from an object.
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3
Q

What is emotion-

Lazarus (1991)

A

organised psychophysiological reactions to news about ongoing relationships with the environment

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4
Q

What is emotion - Keltner, Oatley and Jenkins (2013)

A
  • responses to events that we see as challenges or opportunities in our inner or outer world.
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5
Q

How do emotions relate to each other?

A

There are two types of model:
Dimensional
Discrete/ categorical

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6
Q

Dimensional model:

A

The circumplex model of affect (Remington, Fabrigar and Visser, 2000)

  • Arousal
  • Pleasure
  • positive affect
  • negative affect
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7
Q

The circumplex model

A
  • Each emotion or mood is defined by the extent to which it involves the underlying dimensions of pleasure and activation
  • dimensions that are 90 degrees are independent
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8
Q

Discrete emotion models

A

Categorica approach:
- those who use this approach propose a limited set of basic emotions. Innate, universal, irreducible, corresponding to specific systems.

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9
Q

Basic emotions

A

Disagreement on which emotions are basic.
Joy, sadness, disgust, fear and anger (power, 2006).

  • According to Shaver et al 1987 each emotion has an associated script
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10
Q

Discrete emotion - Complex emotions

A

Shaver et al (1987) produced 135 emotion words.

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11
Q

Discrete emotion- compound emotions

A

Du, Tao and Martinez (2014)- facial action codes to identify 15 compound emotions, each constructed two or more basic emotions but with distinct features.

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12
Q

Critique for basic emotions

A

Feldman- BArrett et l 2007 instead propose the ongoing primitive emotional response (dimensional) plus conceptual knowledge (categorical)

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13
Q

Self report scales

A
  • the most common
  • usually have adjectives
  • could use faces
  • often used as part of diary study in which affect is recorded on many occasions by each pps.
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14
Q

disadvantages of self report scales

A
  • requires self awareness and understanding of emotion
  • items may not be relevant to participant
  • responses may be socially desirable.
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15
Q

diary study

A

Also known as experience sampling and ecological momentary assessment

  • affect recorded at regular intervals
  • in response to a signal (experience sampling)

High in ecological validity

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16
Q

affect grid

A

Russel, weiss and mendelsohn 1989

17
Q

positive and negative affect scale PANAS

A

Watson clark and tellegen

the scale consists of a number of words that describe differemt feelings

18
Q

basic emotion scale

A

power 2006

19
Q

alternative methods

non linguistic

A
  • neuroimaging
  • psychological measures
  • record facial expressions
  • cognitive measures (stroop)
20
Q

alternative methods

linguistic

A
  • qualitative accounts
  • peer reports
  • sentiment analysis (online media)
  • quantifying emotional value - willingness to pay.
21
Q

Summary

A 
Mauss and Robinson (2009) 
multi method approach needed 
no gold standard
limited convergence across measures
all types of measure relevant.
22
Q

ways to investigate emotion

A

Emotion elicitation

23
Q

emotion elicitation

A

Film clips.
international affect picture system (IAPS) library of photos that have been rated on dimensions of pleasure, arousal and dominance.

24
Q

effectiveness of affect inductions

A

Zhang, yu and barrett (2014)
comparison of 4 affect induction procedures.

all 4 effective but most effective is image plus music

25
Q

nonconsciously evoking emotions

A

Pelaez et al., 2016
pps sublim exposed to emotion pic (negative or neutral) from IAPS. THen receieved pain stimulus.
- found lower pain intensity and slower reaction times in response to negative images.

  • negative emotions might capture attentions more
26
Q

problems in emotion research

A

Kagan (2010)- disagreement on what emotion refers to (brain, appraisal or behaviour)
western society and words.

emotion (11 decks)

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