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Pharm Exam 1 > 6- Cholinergic Physiology Review > Flashcards

6- Cholinergic Physiology Review Flashcards

1
Q

choline is transported from the extracellular fluid into the neuron terminal by ….

A

choline transporter CHT

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2
Q

what inhibits CHT?

A

hemicholiniums

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3
Q

in the cytoplasm, Ach is synthesized from choline and acetyl Co A by …

A

choline acetyltransferase ChAT

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4
Q

Ach is transported into storage vesicle by …

A

vesicle associated transporter VAT

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5
Q

what inhibits VAT

A

vesamicol

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6
Q

vesicles full of ACH are concentrated on the inner surface of n. terminals by the actions of _________ on vesicle and _________ on cell membrane

A

v-SNAREs (synaptobrevin)

t-SNAREs (syntacin and SNAP-25)

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7
Q

are vesamicol and hemicholiniums prescription drugs?

A

No - too strong for clinical use. but they are used in research

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8
Q

where do botulinum toxins work?

A

prevent the release of the Ach vesicle

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9
Q

Ach’s action is terminated rapidly via metabolism by _______

A

acetylcholinesterase AchE

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10
Q

AchE inhibitors

A

anticholinesterases

ex: neostigmine enhances effects of Ach

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11
Q

two different cholinoreceptors

A
  • muscarinic M (gprtn receptors)

- nicotinic N (ion channels - alpha subunit)

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12
Q

signal transduction of M1 and M3 receptors

A

Phospholipase C pathway with IP3 and DAG leading to increase in calcium and Prtn kinase C

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13
Q

signal transduction of M2 receptors

A

adenyly cyclase to decrease cAMP and decrease PKA

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14
Q

effects of muscarinic receptors on sphincter muscle of eye

A

binds to M3 receptor

causes contraction and opening of canal of Schlemm

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15
Q

effects of muscarinic receptors of ciliary muscle of eye

A

binds to M3 receptor

accomodation for near vision

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16
Q

effects of muscarinic receptors on SA node

A

binds to M2 receptor

decreases HR via negative chronotropy

17
Q

effects of muscarinic receptors on AV node

A

binds to M2 receptor

decrease conduction velocity via negative dromotropy

18
Q

what happens to ventricular contraction with muscarinic receptor activation?

A

decreased ventricular contraction

no effects on ventricles of purkinje system

19
Q

effects of muscarinic receptors on bronchioles

A

binds to M3 receptor

causes contraction - bronchospasm

20
Q

effects of muscarinic receptors on glands in lungs

A

secretion (narrows lumen)

21
Q

effects of muscarinic receptors in stomach

A

binds to M3 receptor

increases motility, cramps

22
Q

effects of muscarinic receptors in glands of GI tract

A

binds to M1/3

increases secretion

23
Q

effects of muscarinic receptors in intestine

A

binds to M3 receptors

causes contraction - diarrhea, involuntary defecation

24
Q

effects of muscarinic receptors on bladder

A

binds to M3 receptors

contraction (detrusor) and relaxation of trigone/sphincter –> voiding, urinary incontinence

25
Q

effects of muscarinic receptors on sphincters

A

binds to M3 receptors

causes relaxation

26
Q

what is the only sphincter which contracts with activation of M3 receptors?

A

lower esophageal sphincter

27
Q

effects of muscarinic receptors on glands

A

binds to M3 receptors

secretion - sweat (thermoregulatory), salivation, and lacrimation

28
Q

effects of muscarinic receptors on blood vessels

A

binds M3 receptors

dilation (EDRF)

29
Q

how do M1 and M3 work in glands of GI tract

A

M3 receptors are on parietal cells are directly activates to secrete acid
M1 receptors activated histamine secretion which also stimulates acid secretion

30
Q

when the endothelium is damaged… drect effect of M3 activation on VSMC causes…

A

vasoconstriction

normally M3 causes vasodilation

31
Q

adrenal medulla response to nicotinic receptor activation

A

Nn receptor

secretion of epinephrine and Ne

32
Q

autonomic ganglia response to nicotinic receptor activation

A

Nn receptor

stimulation - net effects dependent of PANS/SANS innervation and dominance

33
Q

neuromuscular junction response to nicotinic receptor activation

A

Nm receptor

stimulation - twitch/hyperactivty of skeletal muscle

Pharm Exam 1 (16 decks)

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