6- Autonomic Physiology Review

Question 1

CNS =

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system =

Answer 2

peripheral nervous system

Question 3

sympathetic preganglionic fibers are _______ compared to postganglionic.

parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are _____ compred to the postganglionic.

Answer 3

symp pre = short
symp post = long

para pre = long
para post = shortN

Question 4

what system in the ANS does not have post ganglionic fibers?

Answer 4

adrenal medulla

releases Epi, NE, Dopa, and peptides directly into blood stream without post ganglionic fibers

Question 5

symp cell bodies of preganglion neurons are located…

Answer 5

in column of spinal cord T1-L4 “thoracolumbar”

Question 6

“cranio-sacral”

Answer 6

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 7

GI tract motility

Answer 7

myeteric or Auerbach plexus of ENS

Question 8

ion and fluid transport in GI

Answer 8

submucosal or Meissner’s plexus

Question 9

can the ENS function without input from symp and para?

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

most organs receive both symp and para innervation. What are the sympathetic only exceptions?

Answer 10

blood vessels
hair follicles
sweat glands
liver
adrenal glands
kidneys

Question 11

in most organs symp and para have opposing effects. What is the exception?

Answer 11

salivary glands - produce similar rather than opposing effects

Question 12

all somatic n. release …

Answer 12

Ach

Question 13

all preganglionic fibers in the ANS release …

Answer 13

Ach

Question 14

para post-ganglionic fibers release…

Answer 14

Ach

Question 15

symp post-ganglionic fibers are …

Answer 15

adrenergic or dopaminergic

Question 16

which symp is not adrenergic or dopaminergic?

Answer 16

thermoregulatory sweat glands

- possess muscarinc receptors and respond to Ach (like para) BUT are regulated by symp post ganglionic fibers

Question 17

what type of receptors are there for symp innervation to renal vascular smooth muscle

Answer 17

D1 for dopamine

Question 18

cardiac and smooth muscle, gland cells, and nerve terminals receive para and symp innervation. What are the respective receptors and transmitters?

Answer 18

para- Ach - M

symp - NE - alpha, beta

Question 19

what are cotransmitters?

Answer 19

neurons release more than one transmitter, each of which interact with specific receptors and produce effects both pre and post synaptically

Question 20

one NT affects teh release of another via actions on receptors on a presynaptic nerve ending that respond to a dif. NT tan the one secreted by that n. ending

Answer 20

heterotropic interaction

ex: release of NE inhibits Ach release and causes a different response than Ach would

Question 21

NT by binding to presynaptic receptors, affects the nerve terminals from which it is being released

Answer 21

homotropic interaction

Question 22

long term blockade of post-synaptic receptors is associated with ___________ when the blocking agent is removed

Answer 22

rebound hypersensitivity

ex: rebound hypertension when beta adrenergic receptor antagonist are abruptly withdrawn

Question 23

3 mechanisms of withdrawl rebound hyperactivity/ disuse hyperactivity

Answer 23

• proliferation of receptors
• loss of mechanism of NT removal
• increased postjunctional responsiveness