14- GI II Flashcards

(32 cards)

1
Q

how does 5ht stimulate gastric motility?

A

induces release of Ach onto smooth muscle (muscarinic receptors)

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2
Q

how does dopamine effect gastric motility?

A

activates presynaptic reeptors to decrease firing of ENS neurons —> decrease gastric motility

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3
Q

prokinetic mechanism of metoclopramide

A

D2 antagonist

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4
Q

adverse effects metoclopramide

A

CNS drowsiness, anxiety

parkinsonian symptoms

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5
Q

MOA bethanechol

A

M3 agonist

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6
Q

MOA neostigmine

A

AchE inhibtor

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7
Q

MOA erythromycin

A

motilin receptor agonist

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8
Q

what type of laxative is methylcellulose?

A

bulk forming

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9
Q

what type of laxative is glycerin

A

surfactant

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10
Q

what type of laxative is lactulose

A

osmotic

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11
Q

what type of laxative is senna

A

stimulant

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12
Q

what happens when you stimulate 5HT4 receptors

A
  • promote NT release in ENS resulting in motility

- decrease firing of extrinisc sensory neurons to CNS (blcok pain)

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13
Q

how does activation of chloride channels a laxative mechanism

A

increase luminal concentration of chlroide –> sodium and water go to lumen too

–> stool soft and motility easier

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14
Q

when should you use mu-opiod receptor antagonist?

A

when using opiod agonist to treat pain post surgically

mu-opiod antagonist doesn’t go to CNS = pain relieved and no constipation

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15
Q

what type of laxative tegaserod?

A

5HT partial agonist

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16
Q

what type of laxative lubiprostone?

A

chloride channel activator

17
Q

what are the two mu-opiod receptor antagonists used as laxatives?

A

methylnaltrexone and alvimopan

18
Q

treat opiod-induced constipation during palliative care

A

methylnaltrexone

19
Q

treat postop patients with bowel resevtion

A

alvimopan **only 7 days of high chance MI

20
Q

why can an opiod antagonist be used to treat diarrhea?

A

opiod decrease peristaltic contraction and increase sphincters and segmental contractions, decrease GI distension perception

21
Q

what effects of bismuth subsalicylate are antidiarrheal?

A

inhibiton of prostaglandin synthesis in intestines and absorption of bacteria

*stimulates in stomach

22
Q

how is octeotide an antidiarrheal?

A

acts as a somatostatin agonist

23
Q

MOA ondansetron

A

5HT3 antagonist

direct antiemetic

— constipation

24
Q

MOA scopolamine

A

M1 antagonist

direct antiemetic

*** motion sickness

25
what two anitemetics are good for motion sickness?
scopolamine and dimenhydrinate
26
MOA metoclopramide
D2 antagonist direct antiemetic --- parkisonian symptoms
27
MOA dimenhydrinate
H1 antagonist *** motion sickness --- drowsiness
28
MOA aprepitant
NK1 antagonist --- drug-drug interaction
29
MOA prochlorperazine
M1D2H1 antagonist ***only severe nausea and drowsiness , lots of adverse effects
30
MOA lorazepam
GABA agonist indirect antiemetic ***anxiety
31
MOA nabilone
cannabinoid agonist indirect antiemetic **chemo --- dysphoria (high)
32
MOA dexamethasone
clucorticoid agoinst indirect antiemetic --> increases 5HT antagonist --- steroid side effects