6. Animal Tissue Flashcards
What 2 cells form part of Emryonic tissue?
- Embryonic stem cells
- Adult stem cells
What 4 tissues form part of Permanent tissue?
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
What are Embryonic stem cells?
Tissues in embryos that produce all other specialised tissues during growth.
What are Adult stem cells?
Tissues in adults that produce new tissue to replace old and damaged tissues.
What are the 4 types of Epithelial tissue?
- Squamous
- Cuboidal
- Columnar
- Ciliated
Provide 3 functions of Squamous epithelium.
- Protect underlying tissue
- Allow gases to pass through alveoli of lungs.
- Substances in solution to pass through capillaries.
Where is Squamous epithelium found?
- Surface of skin
- Lining of mouth, vagina, oesophagus, blood vessels, alveoli of lungs.
What is the functio of Cuboidal epithelium?
Secretory and absorptive
Where is Cuboidal epithelium found?
Kidney tubules and glands
Provide 3 functions of Columnar epithelium.
- Support other cells
- Microvilli to increase surface area for absorption.
- Aid in absorption of food, water, vitamins and salts.
Where is Columnar epithelium found?
Lining of intestines
Provide 2 functions of Ciliated epithelium.
- Move dust in mucus by coughing.
- Help move ovum towards uterus in fallopian tubes.
Where is Ciliated epithelium found?
Line trachea, nasal passages and urogenital passages.
Name 5 things that form part of Connective tissue?
- Tendons
- Ligaments
- Cartilage
- Bone
- Blood
Provide 2 functions of Tendons.
- Connect muscle to bone
- Prevent dislocation of bones.
Where is Tendon found?
Muscles and bones joining area.
Provide a function of Ligaments.
- Connects bone to bone.
Where are Ligaments found?
Joints between bones
Give 3 functions of Cartilage.
- Connect ribs to sternum
- Gives shape to ear
- Prevents damage between bones and joints.
Name 3 places where Cartilage is found?
- End of bones
- Within trachea and bronchi
- Within pinna
Give 3 functions of Bone.
- Gives shape to body
- Protects internal organs
- Muscle attachments enables movement.
Where is Bone found?
Makes up endoskeleton.
Give 4 functions of Blood.
- Plasma
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Platelets
What does Plasma do?
Transport dissolved substances around body.
What do Red blood cells do?
Transport carbon dioxide and oxygen
What do White blood cells do?
Produce antibodies and fight infection
What do Platelets do?
Assist with blood clotting
Where is blood found?
Blood vessels and cardiac chambers
Name the 3 types of Muscle tissue.
Skeletal, Smooth and Cardiac
Describe Skeletal muscle.
- Unbranched fibres
- Striated
- Attached to bones
- Voluntary movement
Explain Smooth muscle.
- Spindle-shaped cells
- Unstriated
- Digestive tract, arteries, bladder
- Contraction of internal organs
- Involuntary organs
Explain Cardiac muscle
- Branched fibres
- Striated
- Contraction of heart
- Involuntary
Name the 2 types of movement.
Voluntary and Involuntary
What is the function of Skeletal muscle?
Enables voluntary movement
Where is Skeletal muscle located?
Attached to bones
What is the function of Smooth muscle?
- Involuntary contractions
- Contracts to move substances through body.
Where is Smooth muscle located?
- Blood vessels
- Walls of digestive, respiratory, reproductive systems
What is the function of Cardiac muscle?
Pumping action of heart
Where is Cardiac muscle located?
Heart
What does a Receptor do?
Receive signals
What do Effectors do?
React to signal
What do the Neurons do?
Transmit impulses
Provide the function of the Sensory neuron.
Carries nerve impulses from receptor to CNS.
Provide the function of the Interneuron.
Connects sensory neuron to motor neuron.
Provide the function of the Motor neuron.
Carries nerve impulses from CNS to effector.
What is a Neuron made up of?
- Cell boyd (soma)
- Dendrites
- Axons
What do Dendrites do?
Take impulse into neuron
What do Axons do?
Send impulses from neuron
Name the 3 types of neurons.
Unipolar, Bipolar and Multipolar
What is a Unipolar neuron?
Single, elongated process, with cell body off to the side.
What is a Bipolar neuron?
Two processes separated by the cell body.
What is a Multipolar neuron?
Have more than 2 processes, a single axon and multiple dendrites.
Provide the definition of Reflex action.
Fast, automatic response by an effector to a stimulus.
Provide the definition of Reflec arc.
Pathway an impulse follows from receptor to bring about an immediate response in an effector.
What are the 5 parts of a Reflex arc?
Receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector
Provide the definition of Biotechnology.
Use of living organisms and their biological process to improve the quality of life.
Provide the definition of Cloning.
Process whereby a genetically identical replica of a cell or entire organism is made.
Provide the definition of Cilia.
Tiny, hair-like structures found on surface of columnar epithelium.
Provide the definition of Secretion.
Release of useful substance
Provide the definition Excretion.
Release of metabolic waste
Provide the definition of Synapse.
Point at which a nervous impulse passes from 1 neuron to another.
