3. Mitosis Flashcards
What happens in Interphase?
Cell growth and DNA replication
What happens in Mitosis?
- Nuclear division (karyokinesis)
- Cytoplasm division (cytokinesis)
List the cycle of Mitosis in order.
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase , Telophase
What is the purpose of Mitosis in unicellular organisms?
Asexual reproduction
What is the purpose of Mitosis in multicellular organisms?
- Growth
- Repair and maintenance of old and damaged cells.
Where does Mitosis take place in animal cells?
Organs, like bone marrow and skin basal layers.
Explain Interphase.
- Cells prepare for cell division.
- Cells grow bigger, chromatin network starts to condese into chromosomes and DNA replication takes place.
Explain Prophase?
- Chromatin network condenses.
- Duplicated chromosomes are visible as 2 chromatids and a centromere.
- Centrioles start moving to opposite poles.
- Spindle fibres form between centrioles.
- Nuclear membrane and nucleolus start disintegrating.
Explain Metaphase.
- Chromosomes are lined up on equator.
- Chromosomes are attached to spindle fibres at centromeres.
Explain Anaphase.
- Spindle fibres pull and break centromeres in half.
- Chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles.
Explain Telophase.
- Cytokinesis starts constricting cell at the equator by an invagination.
- Nuclear membranes form around unreplicated chromosomes.
- Two identical daughter cells are formed.
Where does Mitosis occur in plants?
- Apical meristem tissues
- Lateral meristem tissues
Give 2 differences of Mitosis in plant and animal cells.
- Plants don’t need centrioles do, animals do.
- Plants separate through a cell plate, animal cells through invagination.
Provide the definition of Mitosis.
Process whereby one cell makes an identical copy of itself and gives rise to two cells that are genetically identical.
Provide the definition of Cancer.
Growth or tumour that forms as a result of uncontrolled mitosis.
List the 3 types of Cancer.
- Carcinomas
- Sarcomas
- Leukemia
Where does Carcinomas cancer occur?
Skin, lining of organs/glands
Where does Sarcomas cancer occur?
Bone, cartilage and muscle
Where does Leukemia occur?
Blood and lymph
Name 4 causes of Cancer.
- Radiation
- Smoking
- Inherited
- Sun exposure
Name the 2 types of Tumours.
Benign and Malignant
Explain what a Benign tumour is.
Grows slowly and stays at one site.
Explain what a Malignant tumour is.
Grows irregularly, faster and the cells travel and invade other tissue (metastasis)
Name the 3 types of Treatment Technologies for cancer.
- Medical biotechnology
- Traditional
- Alternative
What treatment is available in Medical iotechnology?
Surgery, Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
What treatment is available Traditional technology.
Traditional medicines and prayer.
What treatment is available in Alternative technology/
Acupuncture, homeopathy and message therapy.
Provide the definiton of a Centromere.
Structure that joins two chromatids to form a chromosome.
Provide the definition of Cytokinesis?
Division of cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane.
Provide the definition of Centrioles.
Cell structure that forms the spindle during cell division.
