3. Mitosis

Question 1

What happens in Interphase?

Answer 1

Cell growth and DNA replication

Question 2

What happens in Mitosis?

Answer 2

• Nuclear division (karyokinesis)
• Cytoplasm division (cytokinesis)

Question 3

List the cycle of Mitosis in order.

Answer 3

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase , Telophase

Question 4

What is the purpose of Mitosis in unicellular organisms?

Answer 4

Asexual reproduction

Question 5

What is the purpose of Mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Answer 5

• Growth
• Repair and maintenance of old and damaged cells.

Question 6

Where does Mitosis take place in animal cells?

Answer 6

Organs, like bone marrow and skin basal layers.

Question 7

Explain Interphase.

Answer 7

• Cells prepare for cell division.
• Cells grow bigger, chromatin network starts to condese into chromosomes and DNA replication takes place.

Question 8

Explain Prophase?

Answer 8

• Chromatin network condenses.
• Duplicated chromosomes are visible as 2 chromatids and a centromere.
• Centrioles start moving to opposite poles.
• Spindle fibres form between centrioles.
• Nuclear membrane and nucleolus start disintegrating.

Question 9

Explain Metaphase.

Answer 9

• Chromosomes are lined up on equator.
• Chromosomes are attached to spindle fibres at centromeres.

Question 10

Explain Anaphase.

Answer 10

• Spindle fibres pull and break centromeres in half.
• Chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles.

Question 11

Explain Telophase.

Answer 11

• Cytokinesis starts constricting cell at the equator by an invagination.
• Nuclear membranes form around unreplicated chromosomes.
• Two identical daughter cells are formed.

Question 12

Where does Mitosis occur in plants?

Answer 12

• Apical meristem tissues
• Lateral meristem tissues

Question 13

Give 2 differences of Mitosis in plant and animal cells.

Answer 13

• Plants don’t need centrioles do, animals do.
• Plants separate through a cell plate, animal cells through invagination.

Question 14

Provide the definition of Mitosis.

Answer 14

Process whereby one cell makes an identical copy of itself and gives rise to two cells that are genetically identical.

Question 15

Provide the definition of Cancer.

Answer 15

Growth or tumour that forms as a result of uncontrolled mitosis.

Question 16

List the 3 types of Cancer.

Answer 16

• Carcinomas
• Sarcomas
• Leukemia

Question 17

Where does Carcinomas cancer occur?

Answer 17

Skin, lining of organs/glands

Question 18

Where does Sarcomas cancer occur?

Answer 18

Bone, cartilage and muscle

Question 19

Where does Leukemia occur?

Answer 19

Blood and lymph

Question 20

Name 4 causes of Cancer.

Answer 20

• Radiation
• Smoking
• Inherited
• Sun exposure

Question 21

Name the 2 types of Tumours.

Answer 21

Benign and Malignant

Question 22

Explain what a Benign tumour is.

Answer 22

Grows slowly and stays at one site.

Question 23

Explain what a Malignant tumour is.

Answer 23

Grows irregularly, faster and the cells travel and invade other tissue (metastasis)

Question 24

Name the 3 types of Treatment Technologies for cancer.

Answer 24

• Medical biotechnology
• Traditional
• Alternative

Question 25

What treatment is available in Medical iotechnology?

Answer 25

Surgery, Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy

Question 26

What treatment is available Traditional technology.

Answer 26

Traditional medicines and prayer.

Question 27

What treatment is available in Alternative technology/

Answer 27

Acupuncture, homeopathy and message therapy.

Question 28

Provide the definiton of a Centromere.

Answer 28

Structure that joins two chromatids to form a chromosome.

Question 29

Provide the definition of Cytokinesis?

Answer 29

Division of cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane.

Question 30

Provide the definition of Centrioles.

Answer 30

Cell structure that forms the spindle during cell division.