11. Biodiversity and Classification Flashcards
Provide the definition of Biodiversity.
Variety of living organisms
Name the 3 types of diversity.
Species, Genetic and Ecological
What is Specie diversity?
Number of species in any given area.
What is Genetic diversity?
Genetic variation within one species to allow it to adapt to changing environmental conditions.
What is Ecological diversity?
Variety of ecosystems in a geological area.
Name the 3 types of species.
- Alien (exotic)
- Indigenous
- Endemic
What are Alien species?
Living organisms brought to an area that doesn’t naturally occur in the area.
What are Indigenous species?
Occurs naturally in more than one area.
What are Endemic species?
Occurs in one area only
Name the 3 Biodiversity Hot spots in SA.
- Cape Floral Kingdom
- The Succulent Karoo
- Maputu-Pondoland
Provide the definition of Taxonomy.
Sorting and grouping organisms with similar features.
What are the 2 branches in Taxonomy?
- Nomenclature
- Systematics
What is nomenclature classification?
Naming of organisms
What is Systemic classification?
Placing of organisms into groups
List animal classification in order.
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What did Aristole come up with?
Two kingdom system of plants and animals
What did Carl Linnaeus come up with?
Binomial nomenclature
What did Robert Whittaker come up with?
Five kingdom system of Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia
What did Carl Woese come up with?
3 Domain system of Eubacteria, Archea and Eukarya
What is Archea?
Prokaryotic bacteria living in extreme conditions.
What are Eukaryotic cells?
Has membrane bound organelles and nucleus.
What are Prokaryotic cells?
No membrane bound organelles and nucleus
Give 3 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- P: no true nuclei
E: true nuclei - P: DNA not enclosed by nuclear membrane
E: DNA enclosed by nuclear membrane - P: no true organelles
E: true organelles
List the 5 Kindgom classifications.
Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia
What is the cell structure of Monera?
Unicellular prokaryotes
What is the nutrition of Monera?
Absorptive or photosynthetic
What is the movement of Monera?
Flagella
How does Monera reproduce?
Asexual
Give 3 examples of Monera.
Bacteria, Fungi, Bacteria(blue reen algae)
What is the cell structure of Protista?
Unicellular/ multicellular eukaryotes
What is the nutrition of Protista?
Absorptive or photosynthetic
What is the movement of Protista?
Flagella and cilia streaming
How does Protista reproduce?
Asexual and Sexual
Give 3 examples of Protista.
Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Seaweed
What is the cell structure of Fungi?
Multicellular, Unicellular, Chitinous cell wall
What is the nutrition of Fungi?
Heterotrophic, absorptive and saprotrophic
What is the movement of Fungi?
Non-motile
How does Fungi reproduce?
Asexual and Sexual
Give 2 examples of Fungi
Mushrooms, Yeast moulds
What is the Cell structure of Plantae?
Multicellular, cellulose cell wall, presence of plastids
What is the nutrition of Plantae?
Autotrophic
What is the movement of Plantae?
Non-motile
How does Plantae reproduce?
Asexual and Sexual
Give 3 examples of Plantae.
Ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms
What is the cell structure of Animalia?
Multicellular, no cell wall, no plastids
What is the nutrition of Animalia?
Heterotrophic
What is the movement of Animalia?
Highly motile
How does Animalia reproduce?
Asexual and Sexual
Give 3 examples of Animalia.
Sponges, invertebrates and vertebrates
Name the domain of of humans.
Eukarya
Name the kingdom of humans.
Animalia
Name the phylum of humans.
Chordata
Name the class of humans
Mammalia
Name the order of humans
Primates
Name the family of humans
Hominidae
Name the genus of humans.
Homo
Name the specie of humans
Homo sapiens
Give a characteristic of Eukarya.
Cells with true nuclei
Give a characteristic of Animalia.
Multicellular, motile, ingestion of food
Give a characteristic of Chordata.
Dorsal supporting rod and nerve cord
Give a characteristic of Mammalia.
Hair, mammary glands
Give a characteristic of Primates.
Adapted to climb trees
Give a characteristic of Hominidae.
Adapted to walk erect
Give a characteristic of Homo.
Large brain, tool use
Give a characteristic of Homo Sapiens.
Body proportion of modern humans
What is naming things in science known as?
Nomenclature
What is Binomial nomenclature?
Two word name, Genus and Species
What is Classification keys?
Used to name and identify unknown plants and animals.
What is a Diichotomous key?
- Branching/Spider key
- Numbered key