5.6 vaccinations Flashcards
1
Q
passive immunity
A
- does not involve memory cells
- involves antibody introduced into body from outside
- short term, because antibody is broken down
- fast acting
2
Q
active immunity
A
- involves memory cells,
- involves production of antibody by memory cells
- long term, because antibody produced in response to antigen
- take time to develop,
3
Q
natural active immunity
A
- individual becoming infected with a disease under normal circumstances
- produces its own antibodies and may continue to do so for many years
4
Q
artificial active immunity
A
- inducing an immune response in individual, without them suffering from any symptoms
5
Q
features of a successful vaccination programme
A
- economically available in sufficient quantities to immunize most of the vulnerable population
- few side effects
- means of producing, storing and transporting the vaccine
- means of administering the vaccine properly at the appropriate time
- produce herd immunity
6
Q
why vaccination may not eliminate a disease
A
- fails to induce immunity in people with defective immune systems
- may develop disease immediately after taking vaccine
- pathogens frequently mutate
- many varieties of pathogens
- certain pathogens ‘hide’ from the body’s immune system
- objections to vaccinations for religious, ethical or medical reasons
7
Q
ethics of using vaccines
A
- use of animals to make vaccines
- vaccines have side effects
- who should test the vaccine
- is it acceptable to try new vaccines with unknown health risks
- compulsory vaccines
8
Q
how does herd immunity arise?
A
- when a sufficiently large proportion of the population has been vaccinated to make it difficult for a pathogen to spread within that population
9
Q
ethical use of monoclonal antibodies
A
- use of mice- animal welfare
- full knowledge of risks and benefits known to patients
- issues about conduct of drug trials
