3.1 methods of studying cells

Question 1

magnification definition

Answer 1

M= I/A

Question 2

resolution of a microscope definition

Answer 2

minimum distance apart that 2 objects can be in order to appear as separate items

Question 3

object definition

Answer 3

material that is put under the microscope

Question 4

image definition

Answer 4

appearance of the object under the microscope

Question 5

how do you convert between millimetres and micrometres?

Answer 5

x 1000

Question 6

how do you convert between millimetres and centimetres?

Answer 6

/ 10

Question 7

how do you convert between millimetres and nanometres?

Answer 7

X 1,000,000

Question 8

how do you convert between metres and millimetres?

Answer 8

x 1000

Question 9

what is cell fractionation?

Answer 9

process where cells are broken up and the different organelles they contain are separated out

Question 10

what are the 2 stages of cell fractionation?

Answer 10

• homogenation

- ultracentrifugation

Question 11

what is done to the tissue before cell fractionation?

Answer 11

tissue is placed in a cold, buffered, isotonic solution

Question 12

why is the solution cold?

Answer 12

reduce enzyme activity that might break down the organelles

Question 13

why is the solution isotonic?

Answer 13

prevent osmotic lysis

Question 14

why is the solution buffered?

Answer 14

doesn’t denature organelles

Question 15

describe cell fractionation to get mitochondria

Answer 15

• cell homogenised to break open cells
• filter to remove large debris
• use isotonic to prevent organelle damage
• cold to prevent enzyme activity
• centrifuge to separate nuclei
• re spin at higher speed to get mitochondria