3.4 eukaryotic cell structure (DO EVERYDAY) Flashcards
Nucleus
- Control centre through production of mRNA and tRNA
- Retain DNA and chromosomes
- Manufacture RNA and ribosomes
Mitochondria
- aerobic respiration
2. Release ATP
Chloroplasts
- Absorbs sunlight
- Carry out photosynthesis
- To produce carbohydrates
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Provide a large surface area for the synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins
- transport materials (proteins) through the cell
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- Synthesise, store and transport lipids
2. Synthesise, store and transport carbohydrates
Golgi apparatus
- Formation of glycoproteins and lysosomes
- Transport, modify and store lipids
- Secrete carbohydrates
- Produce secretory enzymes
Lysosomes
- Hydrolyse material ingested by phagocytic cells
- Exocytosis in order to destroy material around the cell
- Digest worn out organelles
- Autolysis
Ribosome
Protein synthesis
Cellulose cell wall
- Provide strength so no osmotic lysis
- Provide strength as a whole
- Allow water to pass along it
Vacuole
- Support by making cells turgid
- Sugars and amino acids may act as a temporary food source
- Pigment may colour petals to attract pollinating insects
what do ribosomes contain?
ribosomal RNA and protein
where do you find 70s ribosomes?
prokaryotic cells
where do you find 80s ribosomes?
eukaryotic cells
what are lysosomes abundant in?
secretory enzymes
what is the diameter of the nucleus?
10- 20 micrometres
what shape is the nucleus?
spherical
what shape is mitochondria?
rod- shaped
what long are mitochondria?
1-10 micrometres
label and draw a nucleus
page 67
draw and label a mitochondria
page 68
what is cristae?
inner membrane of mitochondria that is folded
how long are chloroplasts?
2-10 micrometres
what is the diameter of chloroplasts?
1 micrometre
draw and label a chloroplast
page 69
what is the diameter of a lysosome?
up to 1 micrometre
what is the diameter of 80s ribosomes?
0.025 micrometre/ 25 nm
what shape are chloroplasts?
disc- shape
what is the diameter of 70s ribosomes?
0.02 micrometres/ 20 nm
what features do cell walls have?
- consist of number of polysaccharides e.g. cellulose
- middle lamella, marks between adjacent cell walls
what is the purpose of middle lamella?
cements adjacent cells together
what is the membrane around the vacuole called?
tonoplast
what are cell walls of algae made up of?
either cellulose, glycoproteins or a mixture of both
